Lesson 3 (external validity, internal and external reliability)

Question 1

Whats external validity

Answer 1

The extend to which you can generalise your findings to different groups of people, situations and measures.

Question 2

Whats population validity

Answer 2

Is the sample representative of the general population?
Is the sample biased? Can the results be generalised?
If the results cannot be generalised to the larger population, the study lacks population validity.

Question 3

Whats ecological validity

Answer 3

You can generalise the findings from the research setting to real life situations.
When research is conducted in realistic, natural environment, it had high ecological validity.
If a study ha dlow mundane realism - it had low ecological validity

Question 4

Whats historical validity

Answer 4

Can the study be generalised to different time periods?

Question 5

Reliability vs validity

Answer 5

Reliability: Results are consistent
Validity: Results satisfy objectives

Question 6

Internal reliability

Answer 6

The consistency within the method.
The extent to which the methods of measurement are kept consistent.
eg. a questionairre should consistently measure personality.
Should have standardised procedures.

Question 7

External reliability

Answer 7

Reliability of results overtime
eg. an interviewer conducted an interview, then conducted it a week later with thhe same person, the outcome should be the same

Question 8

How to assess reliability

Answer 8

inter rater reliability
Test re-test
split half method

Question 9

Inter rater reliability

Answer 9

The extent to which two (or more) observers have consistent ratings of behaviour

Question 10

Test re-retest

Answer 10

presenting the same participants with the same test or questionnaire on two separate occasions, and seeing whether there is a positive correlation between the two.

Question 11

split-half test

Answer 11

splitting the measures/items from the procedure in half, and then calculating the scores for each half separately.