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MICRO PARA CHAPTER 2 > Lesson 3: Algae > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Algae Flashcards

1
Q

Algae
Domain: ______
Kingdom: ____
Nutritional type: ____
Multicellularity: ___
Cellular arrangement: _____, _____, _____, ______
Food acquisition method: ______
Characteristic features: _______
Embryo formation:

A

Domain: eukaryote
Kingdom: protista
Nutritional type: photoautotroph
Multicellularity: some
Cellular arrangement: unicellular, colonial, filamentous, tissues
Food acquisition method: absorptive
Characteristic features: sexual and asexual spores
Embryo formation: none

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2
Q

Can manufacture food with photosynthesis

A

Photoautotroph

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3
Q

Food acquisition methos of an algae that is from the environment

A

Absorptive

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4
Q

What is necessary for algae for physical support, reproduction, and the diffusion of nutrients

A

Water

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5
Q

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae

A

Lichen

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6
Q

Vegetative structures of algae

A

Thallus
Pneumatocyst

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7
Q

The body of a multicellular alga

A

Thallus

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8
Q

Thalli of the larger mutlicellular algae consists of what?

A

Holdfast
Stipes
Blade

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9
Q

A branched; anchor of alga to a substrate

A

Holdfast

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10
Q

Stem-like often hollow that connects the blade to the holdfast

A

Stipes

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11
Q

Not lignifies or woody, so it does not offer the support of a plant’s stem; instead, the surrounding water supports the algal thallus

A

Stipes

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12
Q

Leaf-like in an alga

A

Blades

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13
Q

Floating, gas-filled bladder that buoys some algae

A

Pneumatocyst

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14
Q

Algae can be frequently exist in marine and freshwater environments as what?

A

Plankton

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15
Q

How can an algae reproduce

A

Sexually and asexually

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16
Q

Multicellular algae with thalli and filamentous forms can _______; each piece is capable of forming a new thallus or filament

A

Fragment

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17
Q

When a unicellular alga divides, its nucleus ______ (_______), and the two nuclei move to opposite parts of the cell.

A

Divides (mitosis)

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18
Q

What do you call when a cell divides into two complete cells

A

Cytokinesis

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19
Q

What do you call when an algae undergoes sexual and asexual reproductive in their lifetime?

A

Alternating generation

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20
Q

Where are algae found in bodies of water?

A

Photic (light) zone

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21
Q

Sexual reporduction process of an algae

A
  1. Parent cell undergoes mitosis
  2. Formation of gametes
  3. Fertilization
  4. Zygote formation
  5. Meiosis
  6. Growth
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22
Q

How does asexual reproduction of an algae occur?

A
  1. Parent cell undergoes mitosis
  2. Gametes would then grow
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23
Q

5 Kinds of algae

A
  1. Brown algae (kelp)
  2. Red algae
  3. Green algae
  4. Diatom
  5. Dinoflagellates
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24
Q

Algae that is microscopic; some reach lengths of 50 meters

A

Brown algae

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25
Q

Brown algae is ised in the production of _____(thickener in ice cream, cake decorations)

A

Algin

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26
Q

Examples of non-food goods thatvuses brown algae

A

Rubber tires and hand lotion

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27
Q

It is a large algae

A

Brown algae

28
Q

Algae that is used to induce vaginal dilation before surgical entry into the uterus through the vagina

A

Laminaria Japonica

29
Q

Have delicately branced thalli; can live at greater ocean depths than other algae

A

Red algae

30
Q

What do red pigments in red algae absorb that penetrated deepesg into the ocean?

A

Blue light

31
Q

Red algae is used to extract ______ and _______ as thickening ingredient in evaporated milk, ice cream, and pharmaceutical agents.

A

Agar
Carrageenan

32
Q

Kind of red algae that are used for food; some member, however, can produce lethal toxin

A

Gracilaria spp.

33
Q

Algae that have cellulose cell walls; contain chlorophyll a and b; store starch

A

Green algae

34
Q

What chlorophyll does green algae contain?

A

Chlorophyll a and b

35
Q

Are green algae unicellular only, multicellular only, or both?

A

Both

36
Q

Are brown algae unicellular or multicellular, or both?

A

Multicellular

37
Q

Algae that are unicellular or filamentous algae with complex cell walls that consist of pectin and a layer of silica

A

Diatom

38
Q

What do the diatom’s cell walls consists of? These parts fit together like the halves of a petri dish.

A

Pectin and Silica

39
Q

Diatom store energy captured through photosynthesis in what form?

A

Oil

40
Q

What does diatom produces

A

Domoic acid

41
Q

It is a neurotoxin that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning

A

Domoic acid

42
Q

What does domoic acid causes

A

Amnesic shellfish poisoning

43
Q

What are the symptoms of amnesic shellfish poisoning?

A

Diarrhea and memory loss

44
Q

Year of the first outbreak of a neurological disease caused by diatoms in Canada

A

1987

45
Q

Where was the first reported outbreak of neurological disease caused by diatoms

A

Canada

46
Q

A unicellular algae collectively called plankton

A

Dinoflagellates

47
Q

Has a rigid structure due to cellulose embedded in tha plasma membrane

A

Dinoflagellates

48
Q

What are dinoflagellates collectively called as?

A

Plankton

49
Q

What dinoflagellate produces brevetoxin that causes massive fish kills, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and respiratory distress.

A

Karenia brevis

50
Q

What does karenia brevis produce

A

Brevetoxins

51
Q

What genus give ocean a deep red color, produce saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

A

Alexandrium

52
Q

Deep red color of the ocean

A

Red tide

53
Q

What does alexandrium produces that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning?

A

Saxitoxins

54
Q

What does saxitoxins cause?

A

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

55
Q

What dinoflagellate produces ciguatoxin that causes ciguatera

A

Gambierdiscus toxicus

56
Q

What does Gambierdiscus toxicus produces

A

Ciguatoxin

57
Q

What does ciguatoxin causes

A

Ciguatera

58
Q

Cell wall of brown, red, green alagae, diatoms, dinoflagellates

A

Brown- cellulose and alginic acid
Red - cellulose
Green - cellulose
Diatoms - pectin and silica
Dinoflagellates - cellulose in membrane

59
Q

Storage material of brown, diatoms, dinoflagellates, red, and green

A

Brown - carbohydrate
Diatoms - oil
Dinoflagellates - starch
Red algae - glucose polymer
Green algae - starch

60
Q

What algae are pathogenic

A

Diatoms, dinoflagellates, some red algae

61
Q

How many of the Earth’s O2 is produced by plankton algae

A

80%

62
Q

Periodic increase of number of planktonic algae

A

Algal blooms

63
Q

Blooms of dinoflagellates are responsible for seasonal ________

A

Red tide

64
Q

What is formed from diatoms and other planktonic organisms that lived several million yeats ago

A

Petroleum

65
Q

Like dinoflagellates, it has two flagella in perpendicular grooves. When the two flagella beat simultaneously, they cause the cell to spin

A

Peridinium

MICRO PARA CHAPTER 2 (8 decks)

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