Lesson 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 major division of the brain?
cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, brain stem and cerebellum
true or false? if false, correct the statement
the cerebral cortex is the outer areas, the subcortical structures are the inner areas, and the brain stem + cerebellum are deep structures
true
Fill in the blank:
top of the brain:
bottom of the brain:
back of the brain:
front of the brain:
middle of the brain:
to the side of the brain:
dorsal
ventral
posterior
anterior
medial
lateral
regions of indentation of brain are called?
sulcus
regions of the bumps that come out are called?
gyrus
gray matter is primarily what?
dendrites and cell bodies
is gray matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?
darkers
white matter is primarily what?
myelinated axons
is white matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?
lighter
What are the shallower groovers between gyri?
sulci
What are the larger grooves dividing the brain into lobes or hemispheres, such as the
longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure
fissures
what is the biggest connection between the two hemispheres of the brain?
the corpus callosum
Label
- sylvian fissure
- central sulcus
What are two other small areas that connect the two hemispheres?
the anterior and posterior commissure
is type of matter is the corpus callosum? what is its role?
white matter; creates fast communication between the right and left hemispheres
true or false? if false, correct the statement
X,Y,Z coordinates sagittal, coronal, axial
true
horizontal or axial is the __ axis
z
sagittal is the __ axis
x
coronal is the __ axis
y
__ axis increases from
left to right
x
___ axis increases from
posterior to anterior
y
__ axis increases from
ventral to dorsal
z
what coordinates if the anterior commissure?
0,0,0
Brodmann’s map is ___ areas based on __ _____, _______, and _____
52; cell morphology, density and layering
what is another way we divide the brain?
by the mircoanatomy
where are pyramidal cells are found?
cortex
where are association cells are found?
thalamus
how many layers does the cortex have?
6
where are motor neurons are found?
spinal cord
where are somatosensory cells are found?
skin
where are purkinje cells are found?
cerebellum
true or false? if false, explain why
Gyri divide the brain into lobes or hemispheres
False; Fissures and Sulci are the grooves that divide the brain into hemispheres and lobes. Gyri refers to the protruding tissue between the sulci
Brodmann created a map of the brain based on ____
Cell morphology, density and layering
what are the major subcortical strctures?
cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
what area is involved with cognitive control, error detection,
conflict monitoring?
cingulate cortex
what area is involved with long-term memory, spatial navigation?
hippocampus
what area is involved with emotion processing, memory for emotive stimuli?
amygdala
what area is involved with a relay station for all of the senses
regulation of sleep and arousal?
thalamus
what area is involved with reward processing, action?
basal ganglia
What areas make up the basal ganglia?
putamen, (lateral and medial) globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra
which structure within the basal ganglia produces most of the dopamine for the brain?
substantia nigra
what area is known as the “gateway to the cortex”?
thalamus
what is the cerebellum important for?
-posture maintenance
-walking
-coordinated movements
What areas make up the brain stem?
superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, medullar oblongata, pons
which area is responsible for visual processing?
superior colliculus
which area is responsible for auditory processing?
inferior colliculus
which area is responsible for relaying signals (brain-spinal cord), controls autonomic functions
(heart/glands)?
medulla oblongata
Which area is responsible for relays sensory information
(brain-cerebellum) controls arousal regulates respiration?
pons
A patient has great difficulty in maintaining his posture, walking, and coordinating his movements. His brain injuries probably involve the ______
cerebellum
This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.
thalamus
All of the structures listed here are major components of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the
amygdala
