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Cognitive Neuroscience > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major division of the brain?

A

cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, brain stem and cerebellum

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2
Q

true or false? if false, correct the statement

the cerebral cortex is the outer areas, the subcortical structures are the inner areas, and the brain stem + cerebellum are deep structures

A

true

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3
Q

Fill in the blank:

top of the brain:
bottom of the brain:
back of the brain:
front of the brain:
middle of the brain:
to the side of the brain:

A

dorsal
ventral
posterior
anterior
medial
lateral

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4
Q

regions of indentation of brain are called?

A

sulcus

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5
Q

regions of the bumps that come out are called?

A

gyrus

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6
Q

gray matter is primarily what?

A

dendrites and cell bodies

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7
Q

is gray matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?

A

darkers

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8
Q

white matter is primarily what?

A

myelinated axons

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9
Q

is white matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?

A

lighter

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10
Q

What are the shallower groovers between gyri?

A

sulci

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11
Q

What are the larger grooves dividing the brain into lobes or hemispheres, such as the
longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure

A

fissures

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12
Q

what is the biggest connection between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

the corpus callosum

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13
Q

Label

A
  1. sylvian fissure
  2. central sulcus
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14
Q

What are two other small areas that connect the two hemispheres?

A

the anterior and posterior commissure

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15
Q

is type of matter is the corpus callosum? what is its role?

A

white matter; creates fast communication between the right and left hemispheres

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16
Q

true or false? if false, correct the statement

X,Y,Z coordinates sagittal, coronal, axial

A

true

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17
Q

horizontal or axial is the __ axis

A

z

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18
Q

sagittal is the __ axis

A

x

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19
Q

coronal is the __ axis

A

y

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20
Q

__ axis increases from
left to right

A

x

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21
Q

___ axis increases from
posterior to anterior

A

y

22
Q

__ axis increases from
ventral to dorsal

A

z

23
Q

what coordinates if the anterior commissure?

A

0,0,0

24
Q

Brodmann’s map is ___ areas based on __ _____, _______, and _____

A

52; cell morphology, density and layering

25
Q

what is another way we divide the brain?

A

by the mircoanatomy

26
Q

where are pyramidal cells are found?

A

cortex

27
Q

where are association cells are found?

A

thalamus

28
Q

how many layers does the cortex have?

A

6

29
Q

where are motor neurons are found?

A

spinal cord

30
Q

where are somatosensory cells are found?

A

skin

31
Q

where are purkinje cells are found?

A

cerebellum

32
Q

true or false? if false, explain why

Gyri divide the brain into lobes or hemispheres

A

False; Fissures and Sulci are the grooves that divide the brain into hemispheres and lobes. Gyri refers to the protruding tissue between the sulci

33
Q

Brodmann created a map of the brain based on ____

A

Cell morphology, density and layering

34
Q

what are the major subcortical strctures?

A

cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus

35
Q

what area is involved with cognitive control, error detection,
conflict monitoring?

A

cingulate cortex

36
Q

what area is involved with long-term memory, spatial navigation?

A

hippocampus

37
Q

what area is involved with emotion processing, memory for emotive stimuli?

A

amygdala

38
Q

what area is involved with a relay station for all of the senses
regulation of sleep and arousal?

A

thalamus

39
Q

what area is involved with reward processing, action?

A

basal ganglia

40
Q

What areas make up the basal ganglia?

A

putamen, (lateral and medial) globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

41
Q

which structure within the basal ganglia produces most of the dopamine for the brain?

A

substantia nigra

42
Q

what area is known as the “gateway to the cortex”?

A

thalamus

43
Q

what is the cerebellum important for?

A

-posture maintenance
-walking
-coordinated movements

44
Q

What areas make up the brain stem?

A

superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, medullar oblongata, pons

45
Q

which area is responsible for visual processing?

A

superior colliculus

46
Q

which area is responsible for auditory processing?

A

inferior colliculus

47
Q

which area is responsible for relaying signals (brain-spinal cord), controls autonomic functions
(heart/glands)?

A

medulla oblongata

48
Q

Which area is responsible for relays sensory information
(brain-cerebellum) controls arousal regulates respiration?

A

pons

49
Q

A patient has great difficulty in maintaining his posture, walking, and coordinating his movements. His brain injuries probably involve the ______

A

cerebellum

50
Q

This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.

A

thalamus

51
Q

All of the structures listed here are major components of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the

A

amygdala

Cognitive Neuroscience (8 decks)

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