Lesson 1 Flashcards
find the word: the scientific study of the brain and nervous system
neuroscience
find the word: mental processes involved in knowing and thinking
cognition
find the word: the scientific study of how the brain
produces thoughts, ideas, actions and related mental phenomena
cognitive neuroscience
prior to 1950, what was the dominant approach in psychology?
behaviorism
what scientist argued all behavior can be understood as
reactions (responses) to events in the environment (stimuli) and referred to as stimulus-response (S-R) psychology?
James Watson
James Watson and BF Skinner believed …..
psychology should study the relationship between observable actions
(behavior) and environmental conditions
what scientist focused on consequences of responses;
behaviors that are rewarded (or punished) will increase (or decrease) in frequency?
B.F Skinner
What was argued during the Cognitive revolution? What was the reaction towards?
argued that it is not possible to explain complex human behavior with S-R psychology or there is
a mind, and it can be studied; a reaction to behaviorism
what scientist argued that language acquisition cannot occur
with feedback alone - there are innate mental rules for language?
Noam Chomsky
what scientist argued the development of reasoning ability
suggests a predictable (innate) sequence of mental constructs during childhood?
Jean Piaget
What scientist established the Center for Cognitive
Studies at Harvard in 1960?
George Miller
Which scientists coined the term ‘Cognitive Neuroscience’ in a taxi ride in NYC in the late 1970s?
Michael Gazzaniga and George Miller
Which scientist challenged the idea that ventricles were
central to sensation and thought?
Thomas Willis
Which scientist brought direct attention to brain as enabler of mind and idea that different brain functions are localized to discrete
brain regions?
Franz Gaul
Which scientists proposed the idea of ‘wholeism’?
Karl Lashley
Broca’s patient “Tan” presented with what diffculty because of their lesion?
diffculity in speech
Wernicke’s patients had difficulty with what after their lesion in the left temporal cortex?
loss of comprehension
What was Penfield’s most important contribution to the field of cognitive neuroscience?
the development of mapping the motor cortex “motor homunculus”
Noam Chomsky argued that the structure of human languages is ________, in contrast to B.F. Skinner’s assertion that languages are ________.
innate; learned
Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that:
skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions
Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual studied by Paul Broca to do, compared to before his stroke?
a. reading a book aloud
b. listening to a piano recital
c. playing a game of cards
d. appreciating a painting
a. reading a book aloud
Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual described by Carl Wernicke to do, compared to before his stroke?
a. singing a song
b. painting a picture
c. understanding a speech
d. riding a horse
c. understanding a speech
