Lesson 29 Review Flashcards
avē, interjection
Vocabulary
hail!
miserēre; w. dat. or gen.
Vocabulary
have mercy (on)
nо̄lī; w. pres. infin.
nо̄līte; w. pres. infin.
Vocabulary
be unwilling
You, O lord, I praise.
We shall not help you, Caesar!
In these sentences the words O Lord and Caesar:
1. Show the ____ ____ or ____ ____.
2. Are therefore in the ____ case—the case of the ____ ____.
3. Are set off by commas because they are independent of the grammar of the rest of the sentence.
Tē, О̄ Domine, laudо̄.
Tē, Caesar, nо̄n adjuvābimus.
Grammar
You, O lord, I praise.
We shall not help you, Caesar!
In these sentences the words O Lord and Caesar:
1. Show the PERSON ADDRESSED or SPOKEN TO.
2. Are therefore in the VOCATIVE case—the case of the PERSON ADDRESSED.
3. Are set off by commas because they are independent of the grammar of the rest of the sentence.
Tē, О̄ Domine, laudо̄.
Tē, Caesar, nо̄n adjuvābimus.
NOTE: The vocative of Jēsūs is Jēsū.
The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in ____ nouns in ____ of the ____ ____: these have ____. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper nouns in ____ and ____, son, have only ____ in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius, voc. fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is ____; the vocative masculine singular of meus is ____; fīlī mī! my son!
Grammar
The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper nouns in -ius and fīlius, son, have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius, voc. fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī;; fīlī mī! my son!
The vocative generally does not stand ____.
Grammar
Pugnāte, mīlitēs, fortiter.
Soldiers! fight bravely.
The vocative generally does not stand first.
Pugnāte, mīlitēs, fortiter.
Soldiers! fight bravely.
The person addressed is put in the ____.
Grammar
Pugnāte fortiter, mīlitēs!
Fight bravely, soldiers!
Tū, Domine, adjuvābis mē.
Thou, O Lord, wilt help me.
The person addressed is put in the vocative.
Pugnāte fortiter, mīlitēs!
Fight bravely, soldiers!
Tū, Domine, adjuvābis mē.
Thou, O Lord, wilt help me.
When the gerund would have an ____ ____ the gerundive construction is generally used instead of the gerund.
Grammar
EXAMPLE: They are desirous of seeing the city.
The gerund construction would be: Urbem videndī cupidī sunt. Since the urbem would be an accusative object the construction is changed to the gerundive as folllows:
1. The accusative object is put in the case of the gerund.
Urbis (The gerund videndī is genitive.)
2. The gerundive is made to agree with it.
Urbis videndae
The complete sentence now is:
Urbis videndae cupidī sunt.
(Lit.: They are eager for the city to-be-seen.)
They are desirous of seeing the city.
They are eager to see the city.
EXAMPLE: They were sent to capture the town.
The gerund construction would be:
Ad capiendum urbem missī sunt,
They were sent for capturing the city.
The gerundive construction:
Ad urbem capiendum missī sunt.
They were sent for the city to-be-captured.
When the gerund would have an ACCUSATIVE OBJECT the gerundive is generally used instead of the gerund.
EXAMPLE: They are desirous of seeing the city.
The gerund construction would be: Urbem videndī cupidī sunt. Since the urbem would be an accusative object the construction is changed to the gerundive as folllows:
1. The accusative object is put in the case of the gerund.
Urbis (The gerund videndī is genitive.)
2. The gerundive is made to agree with it.
Urbis videndae
The complete sentence now is:
Urbis videndae cupidī sunt.
(Lit.: They are eager for the city to-be-seen.)
They are desirous of seeing the city.
They are eager to see the city.
EXAMPLE: They were sent to capture the town.
The gerund construction would be:
Ad capiendum urbem missī sunt,
They were sent for capturing the city.
The gerundive construction:
Ad urbem capiendum missī sunt.
They were sent for the city to-be-captured.
The gerundive construction should always be used when the gerund with an object would be in the ____ or would follow a ____.
Grammar
Ad urbem videndam vēnit.
He came to see the city.
(The gerund would be: ad urbem videndum, which should never be used.)
The gerundive construction should always be used when the gerund with an object would be in the dative or would follow a preposition.
Ad urbem videndam vēnit.
He came to see the city.
(The gerund would be: ad urbem videndum, which should never be used.)
The gerundive construction after ____ or ____ (____ ____) is a common way of expressing purpose.
Grammar
They came to see the leader.
Ad ducem videndum vēnērunt.
They came to seize the bridge.
Pontis capiendī causā vēnērunt.
The gerundive construction after ad or causā (w. gen.) is a common way of expressing purpose.
They came to see the leader.
Ad ducem videndum vēnērunt.
They came to seize the bridge.
Pontis capiendī causā vēnērunt.
The gerundive construction is NOT used when the object of the gerund is a ____ pronoun or adjective.
Grammar
Vērum investīgandī causā
For the sake of discovering the truth
The gerundive construction is NOT used when the object of the gerund is a neuter pronoun or adjective.
Vērum investīgandī causā
For the sake of discovering the truth
The gerundive construction is NOT used when a series of ____ or ____ would result.
Grammar
For the sake of taking up these arms
(Gerundive would be: Hо̄rum armо̄rum capiendо̄rum causā.)
Haec arma capiendī causā
The gerundive construction is NOT used when a series of -orums or -ārums would result.
For the sake of taking up these arms
(Gerundive would be: Hо̄rum armо̄rum capiendо̄rum causā.)
Haec arma capiendī causā
As a rule only transitive verbs can be used in the gerundive. ____, ____, ____, ____, however, which were transitive in old Latin are regularly used in this gerundive construction.
Grammar
In fungendо̄ mūnere
In performing the duty
(Lit.: In the duty-being-performed)
As a rule only transitive verbs can be used in the gerundive. Ūtor, fruor, fungior, potior, however, which were transitive in old Latin, are regularly used in this gerundive construction.
In fungendо̄ mūnere
In performing the duty
(Lit.: In the duty-being-performed)
____ verbs are used in this gerundive construction.
Grammar
In eīs sequendīs multās hо̄rās cо̄nsūmpsērunt.
They consumed many hours {in pursing them, in them-being-pursued.
DEPONENT verbs are used in this gerundive construction.
In eīs sequendīs multās hо̄rās cо̄nsūmpsērunt.
They consumed many hours {in pursing them, in them-being-pursued.
The forms ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ are always used with the gerundive in the singular agreeing with them, irrespective of gender or number.
Grammar
Nostrī servandī causā in castra fūgimus.
We fled into the camp to save ourselves.
(Nostrī refers to we in the verb fūgimus but the gerundive is servandī not servandо̄rum.)
Mulierēs suī cо̄nservandī causā fūgērunt.
The women fled to save themselves.
(Cо̄nservandī not cо̄nservandārum is used, although suī refers to the FEMININE PLURAL mulierēs.)
The forms meī, tuī, suī, nostrī, vestrī are always used with the gerundive in the singular agreeing with them, irrespective of gender or number.
Grammar
Nostrī servandī causā in castra fūgimus.
We fled into the camp to save ourselves.
(Nostrī refers to we in the verb fūgimus but the gerundive is servandī not servandо̄rum.)
Mulierēs suī cо̄nservandī causā fūgērunt.
The women fled to save themselves.
(Cо̄nservandī not cо̄nservandārum is used, although suī refers to the FEMININE PLURAL mulierēs.)
To express ____ or ____ the gerundive may be used as a predicative adjective with the proper form of the verb sum.
Grammar
Deus laudandus est.
God is to-be-praised.
God should be praised.
God ought to be praised.
God must be praised.
God has to be praised.
It is necessary to praise God.
Vо̄s laudandī nо̄n estis.
You should not be praised.
Hoc faciendum nо̄n fuit.
This was not to-be-done.
This should not have been done.
To express OBLIGATION or NECESSITY the gerundive may be used as a predicative adjective with the proper form of the verb sum.
Deus laudandus est.
God is to-be-praised.
God should be praised.
God ought to be praised.
God must be praised.
God has to be praised.
It is necessary to praise God.
Vо̄s laudandī nо̄n estis.
You should not be praised.
Hoc faciendum nо̄n fuit.
This was not to-be-done.
This should not have been done.
As a predicate adjective laudandus, a, um follows the usual rule of agreement for ____ ____, Nos. 474-476.
Grammar
As a predicate adjective laudandus, a, um follows the usual rule of agreement for predicate adjectives, Nos. 474-476.
With transitive verbs use the gerundive ____.
Grammar
Deus laudandus est.
God is to be praised.
Dīxī Deum laudandum esse.
I said God should be praised.
Rogāvit num Deus laudandus esset.
He asked whether God should be praised.
With transitive verbs use the gerundive personally.
Deus laudandus est.
God is to be praised.
Dīxī Deum laudandum esse.
I said God should be praised.
Rogāvit num Deus laudandus esset.
He asked whether God should be praised.
Form the vocative singular of:
Caesar
Exercise
Caesar
Form the vocative singular and plural of:
cо̄nsul
Exercise
cо̄nsul, cо̄nsules
Translate:
Avē Marīa, grātiā plēna.
Exercise
Hail Mary, full of grace.
amo amare amavi amatus
Review
amorous
to love, like
verb
nato -are
Review
natatorium
to swim
verb
do dare dedi datus
Review
donate
to give
verb
sto stare steti status
Review
status
to stand
verb
lavo lavare lavi lautus
Review
lavatory
to wash
verb
oro -are
Review
orator
to beg, pray
verb
paro -are
Review
preparation
to prepare
verb
porto -are
Review
portable
to carry
verb
servo -are
Review
conservation
to guard, keep
verb
voco -are
Review
vocation
to call
verb
juvo juvare juvi jutus
Review
adjutant
to help
verb
narro -are
Review
narrator
to tell
verb
aro -are
Review
arable
to plow
verb
clamo -are
Review
clamor
to shout
verb
opto -are
Review
option
to desire, wish
verb
erro -are
Review
erroneous
to err, wander
verb
laudo -are
Review
laudable
to praise
verb
tempto -are
Review
temptation
to tempt
verb
pugno -are
Review
pugnacious
to fight
verb
specto -are
Review
inspect
to look at
verb
návigo -are
Review
navigator
to sail
verb
líbero -are
Review
liberty
to set free
verb
saluto -are
Review
salutation
to greet
verb
adoro -are
Review
adoration
to adore
verb
hábito -are
Review
habitat
to live in, dwell
verb
ámbulo -are
Review
ambulance
to walk
verb
laboro -are
Review
laboratory
to work
verb
júdico -are
Review
judicious
to judge, consider
verb
óccupo -are
Review
occupy
to seize
verb
súpero -are
Review
superior
to overcome, surpass
verb
sum esse fui futurus
Review
to be
verb
non
Review
not
adverb
hódie
Review
today
adverb
heri
Review
yesterday
adverb
cras
Review
procrastinate
tomorrow
adverb
nunc
Review
now
adverb
tum
Review
then, at that time
adverb
numquam
Review
never
adverb
umquam
Review
ever
adverb
semper
Review
always
adverb
saepe
Review
often
adverb
In choro recitemus.
Review
Let us recite together.
Stabat Mater
Review
The mother was standing
In umbra, ígitur, pugnábimus.
Review
Then we will fight in the shade.
Civis Romanus sum.
Review
I am a Roman citizen.
Errare est humanum.
Review
To err is human.
nunc aut numquam
Review
now or never
Translate:
My son, may God keep you.
Exercise
Deus tē servet, fīlī mī.
The imperative mood is that form of the verb which expresses a ____. Its use is generally restricted to the ____ tense and to the ____ person. It may be either ____ or ____.
Grammar
ACTIVE: Fight bravely!
PASSIVE: Be warned!
The imperative form is that form of the verb which expresses a command. Its use is generally restricted to the present tense and to the second person. It may be either active or passive.
Grammar
ACTIVE: Fight bravely!
PASSIVE: Be warned!
What are the imperative forms and meanings of the 1ˢᵗ conjugation model verb laudо̄?
Grammar
ACTIVE VOICE
laud-ā
laud-āte
praise
PASSIVE VOICE
laud-āre
laud-āminī
be praised
What are the imperative forms and meanings of the 2ⁿᵈ conjugation model verb moneо̄?
Grammar
ACTIVE VOICE
mon-ē
mon-ēte
warn
PASSIVE VOICE
mon-ēre
mon-ēminī
be warned
What are the imperative forms and meanings of the 3ʳᵈ conjugation model verb mittо̄?
Grammar
ACTIVE VOICE
mitt-e
mitt-ite
send
PASSIVE VOICE
mitt-ere
mitt-iminī
be sent
What are the imperative forms and meanings of the 3ʳᵈ conjugation -iо̄ model verb capiо̄?
Grammar
ACTIVE VOICE
cap-e
cap-ite
take
PASSIVE VOICE
cap-ere
cap-iminī
be taken
What are the imperative forms and meanings of the 4ᵗʰ conjugation model verb audiо̄?
Grammar
ACTIVE VOICE
aud-ī
aud-īte
hear
PASSIVE VOICE
aud-īre
aud-īminī
be heard
What are the imperative forms and meaning of the irregular verb eō?
Grammar
ī
īte
go
What are the imperative forms and meaning of the irregular verb ferо̄?
Grammar
fer
ferte
bear
What are the imperative forms and meaning of the irregular verb nо̄lо̄?
Grammar
nо̄lī
nо̄līte
be unwilling; w. infin., do not
Deponent verbs have the ____ endings with ____ meanings.
Grammar
cо̄n-āre, cо̄n-āminī, try
Deponent verbs have the PASSIVE endings with ACTIVE meanings.
cо̄n-āre, cо̄n-āminī, try
____, ____, ____, ____ have shortened forms in the singular imperative active only:
Grammar
Dīcо̄, dūcо̄, faciо̄, ferо̄ have shortened forms in the singular imperative active only:
dīc, say
dūc, lead
fac, do
fer, bear
Form and translate the imperatives of:
loquor
Exercise
loquere, loquiminī, speak
In the second person, positive commands are expressed by the ____, usually in the ____ tense.
Grammar
Pugnāte fortiter.
Fight bravely.
In the second person, positive commands are expressed by the imperative, usually in the present tense.
Pugnāte fortiter.
Fight bravely.
Translate:
Chrīstus, “Sequere mē,” inquit.
Exercise
Christ said, “Follow Me.”
Translate:
Ask and you shall receive.
Exercise
Petite et accipiētis.
puto -are
Review
computer
to think
verb
muto -are
Review
mutate
to change
verb
celo -are
Review
conceal
to hide
verb
rogo -are
Review
interrogative
to ask
verb
volo -are
Review
volley
to fly
verb
spero -are
Review
despair
to hope
verb
dúbito -are
Review
dubious
to doubt
verb
perturbo -are
Review
perturb
to disturb
verb
nego -are
Review
negative
to deny
verb
accuso -are
Review
accusation
to accuse
verb
demonstro -are
Review
demonstrate
to show, point out
verb
núntio -are
Review
announce
to report
verb
vúlnero -are
Review
vulnerable
to wound
verb
exploro -are
Review
explore
to explore
verb
culpo -are
Review
culprit
to blame
verb
creo -are
Review
create
to create
verb
appello -are
Review
appeal
to address
verb
oppugno -are
Review
pugnacious
to attack
verb
exspecto -are
Review
expect
to wait for, expect
verb
delecto -are
Review
delectable
to delight, please
verb
mensa -ae f.
Review
mesa
table
noun
puella -ae f.
Review
girl
noun
regina -ae f.
Review
queen
noun
terra -ae f.
Review
territory
earth, land
noun
agrícola -ae m.
Review
agriculture
farmer
noun
nauta -ae m.
Review
nautical
sailor
noun
poeta -ae m.
Review
poet
noun
Maria -ae f.
Review
Mary
noun
Roma -ae f.
Review
Rome
noun
Itália -ae f.
Review
Italy
noun
servus -i m.
Review
servile
slave, servant
noun
amicus -i m.
Review
amicable
friend
noun
annus -i m.
Review
annual
year
noun
Christus -i m.
Review
Christ
noun
agnus -i m.
Review
lamb
noun
dóminus -i m.
Review
dominate
lord, master
noun
equus -i m.
Review
equine
horse
noun
fílius -i m.
Review
filial
son
noun
deus -i m.
Review
deity
god
noun
mundus -i m.
Review
mundane
world, mankind
noun
bellum -i n.
Review
bellicose
war
noun
caelum -i n.
Review
celestial
sky, heaven
noun
donum -i n.
Review
donation
gift
noun
forum -i n.
Review
forum
forum, marketplace
noun
óppidum -i n.
Review
town
noun
saxum -i n.
Review
rock
noun
regnum -i n.
Review
reign
kingdom
noun
templum -i n.
Review
temple
noun
verbum -i n.
Review
verb
word
noun
débitum -i n.
Review
debit
debt, sin
noun
For negative commands use:
a. ____ (‘be unwilling to’) with the ____.
b. ____ with the ____ ____.
c. ____ (‘beware’) or ____ (‘see to it’) with ____ and the ____ ____.
Grammar
Nо̄lī pugnāre.
Do not fight.
Nē crēdiderīs.
Do not believe it.
Cavē nē timeās.
Do not be afraid.
For negative commands use:
a. nо̄lī (‘be unwilling to’) with the INFINITIVE.
b. nē with the PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.
c. cavē (‘beware’) or vidē (‘see to it’) with nē and the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE.
Nо̄lī pugnāre.
Do not fight.
Nē crēdiderīs.
Do not believe it.
Cavē nē timeās.
Do not be afraid.
Translate literally and in good English:
Nо̄līte omnibus crēdere.
Exercise
MODELS: Nо̄lī barbarīs crēdere.
(Literally, Be unwilling to trust the barbarians.)
Don’t trust the barbarians.
Barbarīs nē crēdiderīs. (Perfect subjunctive)
Don’t trust the barbarians.
Be unwilling to (do not) trust everyone.
Translate:
Do not ask me where the king is.
Exercise
(Wherever possible, translate in two ways.)
Nо̄lī mē rogāre ubi rēx sit. Nē mē rogāverīs ubi rēx sit.
bonus -a -um
Review
bonus
good
adjective
malus -a -um
Review
malice
bad
adjective
magnus -a -um
Review
magnify
great, large
adjective
parvus -a -um
Review
small
adjective
novus -a -um
Review
novelty
new
adjective
aeternus -a -um
Review
eternity
eternal, everlasting
adjective
altus -a -um
Review
altitude
high, deep
adjective
sanctus -a -um
Review
sanctify
sacred, holy
adjective
multus -a um
Review
multitude
much, many
adjective
latus -a -um
Review
latitude
wide, broad
adjective
unus -a -um
Review
one
adjective
duo
Review
two
adjective
tres
Review
three
adjective
quáttuor
Review
four
adjective
quinque
Review
five
adjective
sex
Review
six
adjective
septem
Review
seven
adjective
octo
Review
eight
adjective
novem
Review
nine
adjective
decem
Review
ten
adjective
primus -a -um
Review
first
adjective
secundus -a -um
Review
second
adjective
tértius -a -um
Review
third
adjective
quartus -a -um
Review
fourth
adjective
quintus -a -um
Review
fifth
adjective
sextus -a -um
Review
sixth
adjective
séptimus -a -um
Review
seventh
adjective
octavus -a -um
Review
eighth
adjective
nonus -a -um
Review
ninth
adjective
décimus -a -um
Review
tenth
adjective
pater patris m.
Review
patrician
father
noun
frater fratris m.
Review
fraternity
brother
noun
mater matris f.
Review
maternity
mother
noun
soror sororis f.
Review
sorority
sister
noun
rex regis m.
Review
regal
king
noun
dux ducis m.
Review
duke
leader
noun
miles mílitis m.
Review
military
soldier
noun
lex legis f.
Review
legal
law
noun
vox vocis f.
Review
vocal
voice
noun
pax pacis f.
Review
pacific
peace
noun
lux lucis f.
Review
Lucifer
light
noun
crux crucis f.
Review
crucify
cross
noun
panis panis m.
Review
companion
bread
noun
canis canis m. or f.
Review
canine
dog
noun
pes pedis m.
Review
pedal
foot
noun
sol solis m.
Review
solar
sun
noun
mos moris m.
Review
moral
custom
noun
nomen nóminis n.
Review
nominate
name
noun
flumen flúminis n.
Review
fluid
river
noun
lumen lúminis n.
Review
luminous
lamp
noun
caput cápitis n.
Review
capital
head
noun
cor cordis n.
Review
cordial
heart
noun
Translate:
They set out for Gaul.
Exercise
(Study the meaning of for carefully before translating.)
Profectī sunt ad Galliam.
adventus -ūs m.
Review
advent
arrival
noun
domus -ūs f.
Review
domestic
house, home
noun
exércitus -ūs m.
Review
exercise
army
noun
fructus -ūs m.
Review
fruit
fruit
noun
manus -ūs f.
Review
manual
hand
noun
metus -ūs m.
Review
fear
noun
portus -ūs m.
Review
port
harbor
noun
lacus -ūs m.
Review
lake
noun
senatus -ūs m.
Review
senate
senate
noun
spíritus -ūs m.
Review
spirit
spirit
noun
res -ei f.
Review
real
thing, matter, affair, business
noun
dies -ei m.
Review
diary
day
noun
fácies -ei f.
Review
facial
face
noun
fides -ei f.
Review
fidelity
faith, trust
noun
spes -ei f.
Review
despair
hope
noun
táceo -ēre
Review
taciturn
to be silent
verb
débeo -ēre
Review
debt
to owe, ought
verb
dóceo -ēre dócui doctus
Review
docile
to teach
verb
gáudeo -ēre – –
Review
gaudy
to rejoice
verb
hábeo -ēre
Review
habit
to have
verb
móneo monēre mónui mónitus
Review
monitor
to warn
verb
móveo movēre movi motus
Review
movable
to move
verb
téneo tenēre ténui tentus
Review
tentacle
to hold
verb
sédeo sedēre sedi sessus
Review
sedate
to sit
verb
vídeo vidēre vidi visus
Review
video
to see
verb
júbeo jubēre jussi jussus
Review
to order, command
verb
cáveo cavēre cavi cautus
Review
caution
to beware of, guard against
verb
prohíbeo -ēre
Review
prohibit
to prevent
verb
appáreo -ēre
Review
appearance
to appear
verb
váleo valēre válui –
Review
valor
to be strong, be well
verb
respóndeo respondēre respondi responsus
Review
response
to respond, answer
verb
máneo manēre mansi mansus
Review
mansion
to remain, stay
verb
árdeo ardēre arsi arsus
Review
arson
to burn, be on fire
verb
térreo -ēre
Review
terrify
to frighten
verb
tímeo timēre tímui –
Review
timid
to fear, be afraid of
verb
Senatus Populusque Romanus (S.P.Q.R.)
Review
The Senate and People of Rome
Carpe diem.
Review
Seize the day.
Vídeo et táceo.
Review
I see and am silent.
Cave canem.
Review
Beware the dog.
Docēre, delectare, movēre
Review
To teach, to delight, to move
Veni, vidi, vici.
Review
I came, I saw, I conquered.
