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Henle Latin II > Lesson 28 Review > Flashcards

Lesson 28 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The gerundive is a ____ ____ ____.

As a ____ it expresses action and may be modified by adverbs and adverbial phrases.

As an ____ it agrees with a noun or noun-equivalent.

Grammar

A

The gerundive is a PASSIVE VERBAL ADJECTIVE.

As a VERB it expresses action and may be modified by adverbs and adverbial phrases.

As an ADJECTIVE it agrees with a noun or noun-equivalent.

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2
Q

The gerundive has two general uses.

The first use is as an attribute adjective in the oblique cases. In this use it directly modifies a noun and has the meaning of:

a. a ____ ____ participle
b. a ____ ____ participle

Grammar

A

The gerundive has two general uses.

The first use is as an attribute adjective in the oblique cases. In this use it directly modifies a noun and has the meaning of:

a. a present passive participle
b. a future passive participle

ponte faciendо̄
by building a bridge
(Lit.: by a bridge being built)

dē ponte faciendо̄
about building a bridge
(Lit.: about a bridge to be built)

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3
Q

1. Translate literally and normally; 2. Explain the italicized words

Caesar in bellīs cо̄nficiendīs celer erat.

Exercise

MODEL: Haec fuit ratiо̄ bellī gerendī.
This was the plan of (for) waging the war.
(Literally, This was the plan of the war to-be-waged.

[Explanation: Gerendī is the genitive neuter singular of the gerundive of gerо̄; it modifies and agrees with bellī, which depends on ratiо̄.]

A

Caesar was swift in wars being-finished (in bringing wars to an end). (Cо̄nficiendīs, attrib. gerundive modifying bellīs, abl. w. in.)

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4
Q

Translate:

By burning the grain they tried to force the Romans to withdraw from Gaul.

Exercise

MODEL: They were desirous of capturing the city.
Change to: They were desirous of the city to-be-captured.

Urbis capiendae cupidī erant.

A

Frūmentо̄ incendendо̄ cо̄gere Rо̄mānо̄s ex Galliā sē recipere cо̄nātī sunt.

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5
Q

Credo in unum Deum.

Review

A

I believe in one God.

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6
Q

Arma virumque cano.

Review

A

I sing of arms and a man.
—Virgil

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7
Q

hiberna -orum n.

Review

hibernate

A

winter quarters

noun

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8
Q

insídiae -arum f.

Review

insidious

A

plot, ambush

noun

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9
Q

castra -orum n.

Review

A

camp

noun

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10
Q

angústiae -arum f.

Review

anguish

A

narrow place, difficulties

noun

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11
Q

impedimenta -orum n.

Review

impediment

A

baggage, baggage train

noun

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12
Q

arma -orum n.

Review

alarm

A

arms, weapons

noun

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13
Q

Honor virtutis praémium.

Review

A

Esteem is the reward of virtue.

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14
Q

mors mortis f. (i-stem)

Review

mortal

A

death

noun

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15
Q

caedes caedis f. (i-stem)

Review

A

slaughter

noun

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16
Q

ácies aciei f.

Review

A

battle line

noun

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17
Q

virtus virtutis f.

Review

virtuous

A

courage, virtue

noun

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18
Q

salus salutis f.

Review

salutary

A

safety, welfare, salvation

noun

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19
Q

murus -i m.

Review

mural

A

wall

noun

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20
Q

númerus -i m.

Review

enumerate

A

number

noun

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21
Q

glória -ae f.

Review

glorify

A

fame, glory

noun

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22
Q

princeps príncipis m.

Review

principate

A

chief, leading man

noun

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23
Q

Bella gerant álii!

Review

A

Let others wage war!
—Ovid

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24
Q

mília mílium n. w/gen.

Review

A

thousands

noun

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25
Q

auxília -orum n.

Review

auxiliaries

A

reinforcements

noun

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26
Q

fines fínium m. (i-stem)

Review

A

territory

noun

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27
Q

eques équitis m.

Review

equestrian

A

horseman

noun

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28
Q

cópiae -arum f.

Review

A

troops, forces

noun

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29
Q

finis finis m.

Review

finish

A

boundary, end

noun

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30
Q

lítterae -arum f.

Review

A

letter (epistle), dispatch

noun

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31
Q

cópia -ae f.

Review

copious

A

abundance, supply

noun

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32
Q

équites équitum m.

Review

A

cavalry

noun

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33
Q

líttera -ae f.

Review

literal, literary

A

letter (alphabet)

noun

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34
Q

We have seen that purpose can be expressed by clauses introduced by ____ , ____, or a relative pronoun.

Grammar

A

We have seen that purpose can be expressed by clauses introduced by ut (nē), quо̄, or a relative pronoun.

Vēnit ut Rо̄mam videret.
He came that he might see Rome.
He came to see Rome.

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35
Q

The ____ and ____ may be used with ad or causā to express ____.

Grammar

A

The GERUND and GERUNDIVE may be used with ad or causā to express PURPOSE.

They came to talk.
Ad loquendum vēnērunt.
Loquendī causā vēnērunt.

He came to see Rome.
Ad Rо̄mam videndam vēnit.
Rо̄mae videndae causā vēnit.

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36
Q

Translate:

Equitēs ad explorandum saepe missī sunt.

Exercise

MODEL: Equitēs ad agrо̄s vastandо̄s mīsit.
He sent the cavalry to ravage the fields.
(Literally, He sent the cavalry for the fields to-be-ravaged.)

A

The cavalry was often sent to reconnoiter.

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37
Q

Translate, using a gerund or gerundive to express purpose:

Christ came to help all men.

Exercise

MODEL: They came to capture the city.
Change to: They came for the city to-be-captured.
Ad urbem capiendam vēnērunt.
or: They came for the sake of the city to-be-captured.
Urbis capiendae causā vēnērunt.

A

Chrīstus ad omnēs hominēs adjuvandо̄s vēnit.

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38
Q

Translate:

The Romans forbade Caesar to lead his men into Italy.

Exercise

A

Rо̄mānī vetuērunt Caesarem suо̄s in Italiam dūcere.

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39
Q

in médias res

Review

A

into the middle of things
—Horace

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40
Q

últimus -a -um

Review

ultimate

A

farthest, most remote, last

adj.

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41
Q

summus -a -um

Review

summit

A

highest, greatest, very great

adj.

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42
Q

réliquus -a -um

Review

relinquish

A

remaining, the rest of

adj.

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43
Q

firmus -a -um

Review

firm

A

vigorous, solid, steadfast

adj.

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44
Q

cómmodus -a -um

Review

commodious

A

convenient, comfortable

adj.

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45
Q

adversus -a -um w/dat.

Review

adverse

A

unfavorable, facing (towards)

adj.

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46
Q

próximus -a -um w/dat.

Review

approximate

A

nearest, next (to)

adj.

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47
Q

extremus -a -um

Review

A

outermost, extreme, last

adj.

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48
Q

cavus -a -um

Review

cave

A

hollow

adj.

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49
Q

médius -a -um

Review

medial

A

middle (of)

adj.

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50
Q

egrégius -a -um

Review

A

distinguished

adj.

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51
Q

amplus -a -um

Review

ample

A

spacious, splendid

adj.

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52
Q

Quid Romae fáciam?

Review

A

What should I do in Rome?
—Juvenal

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53
Q

verto -ere verti versus

Review

vortex

A

to turn

verb

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54
Q

lego -ere lēgi lectus

Review

lecture

A

to read

verb

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55
Q

defendo -ere defendi defensus

Review

defendant

A

to defend

verb

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56
Q

ascendo -ere ascendi ascensus

Review

ascend

A

to climb up

verb

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57
Q

pando -ere pandi passus

Review

A

to spread, expand

verb

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58
Q

incendo -ere incendi incensus

Review

incendiary, incense

A

to set fire to, burn

verb

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59
Q

contendo -ere contendi – w/infin.

Review

A

to strive, hasten, contend

verb

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60
Q

occido -ere occidi occisus

Review

A

to cut down, kill

verb

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61
Q

emo -ere ēmi emptus

Review

redeem, Caveat Emptor

A

to buy

verb

62
Q

bibo -ere bibi bíbitus

Review

beverage, imbibe

A

to drink

verb

63
Q

Nunc Dimittis

Review

A

Now you dismiss

64
Q

cólloco (1)

Review

collocate, couch

A

place, station

verb

65
Q

accómmodo (1)

Review

accommodate, accommodation

A

to adapt to

verb

66
Q

conservo (1)

Review

conserve

A

to preserve, spare

verb

67
Q

appropinquo (1)
w/ad or w/dat.

Review

A

to approach, draw near to

verb

68
Q

convénio -ire convēni conventus

Review

convene, convention

A

to come together, assemble

verb

69
Q

cómparo (1)

Review

compare

A

to get ready, prepare

verb

70
Q

confirmo (1)

Review

confirm, confirmation

A

to encourage, strengthen

verb

71
Q

administro (1)

Review

administrate

A

to govern, manage, attend to

verb

72
Q

dimitto -ere dimisi dimissus

Review

A

to send away, dismiss

verb

73
Q

ádjuvo adjuvare adjuvi adjutus

Review

adjutant

A

to help, aid

verb

74
Q

sustíneo -ēre sustínui sustentus

Review

A

to sustain, withstand

verb

75
Q

id est (i.e.)

Review

A

that is

76
Q

obtíneo -ēre obtínui obtentus

Review

obtain

A

to hold, occupy

verb

77
Q

pertíneo -ēre pertínui – w/ad

Review

pertinent

A

to pertain to, stretch to

verb

78
Q

cómpleo -ēre complevi completus w/abl.

Review

complete

A

to fill (with)

verb

79
Q

commóveo -ēre commovi commotus

Review

commotion

A

to alarm, arouse

verb

80
Q

retíneo -ēre retínui retentus

Review

rein, retain

A

to hold back, keep

verb

81
Q

contíneo -ēre contínui contentus

Review

contain

A

to restrain, hold in

verb

82
Q

absum abesse áfui afuturus w/a (ab)

Review

A

to be away, be absent

verb

83
Q

tribunus -i m.

Review

tribunal

A

tribune

noun

84
Q

núntius -i m.

Review

nuncio

A

messenger, message

noun

85
Q

Translate:

He sent two cohorts in order to ward off the enemy.

Exercise

(Study the meaning of in carefully before translating.)

A

Ad hostēs prohibendо̄s duo cohortēs mīsit.

86
Q

Ave atque vale.

Review

A

Hail and farewell.
—Catullus

87
Q

inquit

Review

A

he/she said (introduces a direct quote)

verb

88
Q

in princípio

Review

A

in the beginning

expression

89
Q

ave!

Review

A

hail!

interj.

90
Q

primā luce

Review

A

at dawn

expression

91
Q

a tergo

Review

A

in/from the rear

expression

92
Q

vehementer

Review

A

greatly, violently

adv.

93
Q

in saécula saeculorum

Review

A

forever, world without end

expression

94
Q

a fronte

Review

A

in/from the front

expression

95
Q

úndique

Review

A

from/on all sides

adv.

96
Q

neque

Review

A

nor, and … not

conj.

97
Q

neque … neque

Review

A

neither … nor

conj.

98
Q

atque (ac)

Review

A

and

conj.

99
Q

nam

Review

A

for

conj.

100
Q

Quod Erat Demonstrandum (QED)

Review

A

which was to be shown

101
Q

qui quae quod
cujus cujus cujus
cui cui cui
quem quam quod
quo quā quo

Review

A

relative (singular)

pronoun

102
Q

qui quae quae
quorum quarum quorum
quibus quibus quibus
quos quas quae
quibus quibus quibus

Review

A

relative (plural)

pronoun

103
Q

vero (postpositive)

Review

A

in truth, but

adv.

104
Q

usque

Review

A

all the way

adv.

105
Q

rursus

Review

A

again

adv.

106
Q

qui quae quod
(relative pronoun)

Review

A

who, which, that

pronoun

107
Q

statim

Review

A

at once, immediately

adv.

108
Q

primum

Review

A

first

adv.

109
Q

satis

Review

A

enough, sufficiently

adv.

110
Q

praetérea

Review

A

besides, furthermore

adv.

111
Q

omnino

Review

A

altogether, at all, in all

adv.

112
Q

clam

Review

A

secretly

adv.

113
Q

at

Review

A

but

conj.

114
Q

última rátio regum

Review

A

the last resort of kings

115
Q

eidem eaedem éadem
eorundem earundem eorundem
eisdem eisdem eisdem
eosdem easdem éadem
eisdem eisdem eisdem

Review

A

the same (plural)

pronoun

116
Q

īdem éadem idem
ejusdem ejusdem ejusdem
eidem eidem eidem
eundam eandem idem
eodem eādem eodem

Review

A

the same (singular)

pronoun

117
Q

timor timoris m.

Review

timorous

A

fear

noun

118
Q

munítio munitionis f.

Review

munitions

A

fortification

noun

119
Q

régio regionis f.

Review

A

region

noun

120
Q

mens mentis f. (i-stem)

Review

mental

A

mind

noun

121
Q

īdem éadem idem

Review

A

same

adj.

122
Q

rátio rationis f.

Review

ratio

A

reason, manner

noun

123
Q

custos custodis m.

Review

custodian

A

guard

noun

124
Q

causa -ae f.

Review

A

cause

noun

125
Q

natura -ae f.

Review

natural

A

nature

noun

126
Q

senténtia -ae f.

Review

sentence

A

opinion, vote

noun

127
Q

mora -ae f.

Review

demur

A

delay

noun

128
Q

quis quid
cujus cujus
cui cui
quem quid
quo quo

Review

A

interrogative (singular)

pronoun

129
Q

quis quid

Review

A

who? what?

pronoun

130
Q

peto -ere petivi petitus

Review

petition

A

to seek, beg, request

verb

131
Q

pervénio -ire pervēni perventus
w/in or ad (both w/acc.)

Review

parvenu

A

to arrive

verb

132
Q

cognosco -ere cognovi cógnitus

Review

cognition, cognitive

A

to learn, find out

verb

133
Q

quaero quaérere quaesivi quaesitus

Review

query

A

to seek, ask

verb

134
Q

cerno -ere crevi –

Review

concern

A

to distinguish, see

verb

135
Q

Quis custódiet ipsos custodes?

Review

A

Who will guard the guards themselves?
—Juvenal

136
Q

vasto (1)

Review

devastate

A

to lay waste, ravage

verb

137
Q

íncito (1)

Review

A

to incite, arouse

verb

138
Q

probo (1)

Review

probable, probation

A

to approve, prove

verb

139
Q

expugno (1)

Review

A

to storm, take by storm

verb

140
Q

qui quae quae
quorum quarum quorum
quibus quibus quibus
quos quas quae
quibus quibus quibus

Review

A

interrogative (plural)

pronoun

141
Q

paco (1)

Review

pay

A

to pacify

verb

142
Q

hora -ae f.

Review

A

hour

noun

143
Q

Non oratorem, non senatorem, sed piscatorem

Review

A

Not an orator, nor a senator, but a fisherman
—St. Augustine of Hippo

144
Q

qui quae quod
(interrogative adjective)

Review

A

what? which?

adj.

145
Q

discedo -ere discessi –

Review

A

to depart, withdraw

verb

146
Q

relinquo relínquere reliqui relictus

Review

relinquish

A

to leave, leave behind

verb

147
Q

ostendo -ere ostendi ostentus

Review

ostensible, ostentatious

A

to show

verb

148
Q

magnitudo magnitúdinis f.

Review

magnitude

A

size, greatness

noun

149
Q

constítuo -túere constítui constitutus w/infin.

Review

constitute

A

to place, set up, decide, determine

verb

150
Q

vigília -ae f.

Review

vigil

A

watch

noun

151
Q

nemo néminis m.

Review

A

no one

noun

Henle Latin II (7 decks)

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