Lesson 28 Flashcards
Troubleshoot Startup and System issues
What is the role of the T2 chip in a macOS Mojave startup?
The T2 Chip verifies every step of the boot process to ensure that the hardware and software haven’t been tampered with.
What happens if your macOS with a T2 chip identifies errors and experiences failures during the secure startup process?
Your Mac will enter macOS Recovery, Apple T2 Security Chip recovery mode, or Apple T2 chip Device Firmware Upgrade mode.
What are the primary system initialization stages in macOS Mojave? What visual and audible cues do these stages provide?
a. Firmware—Power on. Power On Self Test (POST). Startup Chime (depending on model).
b. Booter—The booter process starts. The Apple logo appears in the center of the main display.
c. Kernel—Kernel startup. The progress bar appears.
d. System launchd—Starting other items. The Apple logo is replaced with the login window.
What does the firmware do? What’s the Power-On Self-Test (POST)?
The firmware initializes the Mac computer’s hardware and locates the startup file on a system volume. The POST checks for basic hardware functionality when a Mac powers on.
What role does launchd serve during Mac startup?
launchd starts macOS Mojave processes. It also manages macOS Mojave initialization and starts the loginwindow process.
Which items are automatically started by launchd during Mac startup?
- /System/Library/LaunchDaemons
* /Library/LaunchDaemons
What are the primary user session stages in macOS Mojave? What visual and audible cues do these stages provide?
a. The login screen appears.
b. launchd loads apps, such as the Finder, after user authentication.
c. The user environment is active any time a user logs in to macOS Mojave.
What’s the difference between launch daemons, startup items, launch agents, and login items?
The administrator account launchd process launches launch daemons and startup items during Mac startup. User account launchd processes launch agents and login items during user environment startups.
What are Safe Sleep, Standby, and Power Nap?
Safe Sleep and Standby are modes used by Mac computers that use very little or no power to safeguard data. Power Nap is a state that periodically runs updates while your computer is sleeping.
What happens during user logout?
a. Requests that user apps quit
b. Automatically quits user background processes
c. Runs logout scripts
d. Records the logout to the main system.log file
e. Resets device permissions and preferences to their defaults
f. Quits the user’s loginwindow and launchd processes
What happens during Mac shutdown?
When a Mac shuts down, loginwindow logs users out and then tells the kernel to quit the remaining
macOS Mojave processes. Then the Mac shuts down.
Which keyboard shortcut is used to start up in safe mode?
Hold down the Shift key during startup to initiate safe mode.
Which keyboard shortcut can you temporarily use to choose another startup disk?
Hold down Option key
What changes are made when macOS Mojave starts up in safe mode?
a. Attempts to repair the system volume structure
b. Deletes system third-party kernel extension (KEXT) caches
c. Deletes font caches
Which items aren’t loaded when macOS Mojave starts up in safe mode?
KEXTs, third-party launch agents, third-party launch daemons, third-party startup items, third-party fonts, any user login items, or any user-specific launch agents.
