Lesson 17

Question 1

What can you back up with Time Machine?

Answer 1

Entire Mac, including system files, apps, music, photos, emails, and documents.

Question 2

How does Time Machine maintain a backup history of the file system?

Answer 2

Time Machine starts with a full copy of the file system to the backup disk. Then it
maintains a list of changes to the file system, and every hour copies only the changes
to the backup disk. In the backup it creates a simulation of the full file system using
hard links for files that have not changed.

Question 3

Which types of files are omitted from Time Machine backups?

Answer 3

Time Machine ignores temporary files, Spotlight indexes, items in the Trash, and anything that can be considered a cache.

Question 4

Why is Time Machine inefficient at backing up large databases?

Answer 4

Because it must back up the entire database file every time any change, no matter how small, is made to the database.

Question 5

What happens when you try to select an APFS volume as a Time Machine backup?

Answer 5

If you select a backup disk that is formatted as APFS, FAT32, or any other file system besides HFS Plus, Time Machine offers to reformat it into the supported format of HFS Plus.

Question 6

Which feature helps Time Machine restore data when your Time Machine backup disk isn’t available?

Answer 6

Time Machine creates local snapshots on your built-in startup disk to help when your backup disk isn’t available.

Question 7

What are the four ways you can restore data from a Time Machine backup?

Answer 7

Restore specific items from a Time Machine backup.
Restore with Migration Assistant.
Restore an entire system with macOS Recovery.
Manually restore with the Finder.