LESSON 2 LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards
Why study safety?
- Affect the [?] and threaten the emotional health of the party involved
- Injuries are [?] in terms of lost wages & medical treatment
- Injuries impair the [?]
morale
expensive
ability to serve
IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL
Laboratory Safety
source of danger
Hazards
“a condition or situation that exists in the work environment that could result in physical harm, injury and/ or damage”.
Hazards
relates to exposure to the danger
Risks
“the likelihood of a hazard causing harm”
Risks
“the degree of likelihood that harm will be caused”
Risks
Types of Hazards
B
P
E
G
C
R
P
What are the hazards during the pandemic?
Covid-19 positive [?]
Patients who are [?]
Covid-19 positive [?]
Patients who [?] from Covid-19
[?] in the hosp and lab
Inadequate [?] for social distancing
Lack of [?]
Inadequate [?] of MTs
Health professionals experiencing [?]
Inadequate [?] and lack of coordination
Health professionals getting [?]
Lack of adequate[?] and (?)
patients
asymptomatic
body fluids
died
Overcrowding
space
facilities
training
fatigue
instruction
infected
ventilation; air control
We all manage risk consciously or unconsciously - but rarely systematically
Risk Management
Managing risk means [?]
Managing risk means [?]
Managing risk means [?]
Managing risk is all about [?]
forward thinking
responsible thinking
balanced thinking
maximising opportunity and minimising threats
The [?] provides a framework to facilitate more effective decision making
Risk Management process
Systematic application of management policies procedures and practices to the tasks of
Risk Management
- Identifying and understanding the risk points
- Analyzing risks
- Assess based on probability and severity/impact
- Evaluating risks
- Pick the highest risk and decide how to mitigate them
- Controlling risks
- Check if the mitigation is effective
- Monitoring risks
Systematic approach to identify hazards, evaluate risk and incorporate appropriate measures to manage and mitigate ris for any work process or activity.
Risk Assessment
How often must the risk assessment be reviewed?
• At least once every [?]
• After an [?]
• When there is [?] in work processes, (?) of new machinery or chemicals
• Information on (?) or requirement made known
3 years
accident
significant change; introduction
safety technology
minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where healthcare is delivered.
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions:
- Hand hygiene
- PPE 3
. Safe handling of sharp instruments - Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
- Good housekeeping
- Proper waste disposal
• Application of safety and containment measures to minimize or prevent exposure from infectious agents to the “person” handling it in the lab, building occupants and the environment
Biosafety
• Prevents ACCIDENTAL release
Biosafety
Protect “worker” from the bad bugs
Biosafety
Foundation for biosecurity
Biosafety
• Institutional security measures designed to prevent the loss, misuse, diversion, intentional/deliberate release of “pathogens and toxins”
Biosecurity
• Prevents DELIBERATE release
Biosecurity
Protect the “bugs” from bad workers
Biosecurity
Combination of laboratory practices and procedures, safety equipment (primary barriers) and facilities (secondary barriers)
Biosafety Level
: Bioseals and Double Walled and Ended Autoclaves
BSL 3 and 4
is comprised of a steel or stainless steel plate that is continuously welded to all four sides of the sterilizer
bio-seal
Ways of promoting biosafety
- Administrative Controls
- Engineering Controls
- PPE
developing procedures to ensure the work conducted in a way that minimizes the hazard by reducing the duration, frequency or intensity.
Administrative Controls
developing or changing policies (SOP, GMT, RM)
Administrative Controls
implementing or improving training and education
Administrative Controls
enhancing work practices
Administrative Controls
ensuring adequate rest breaks
Administrative Controls
limiting access to hazardous areas
Administrative Controls
Controls developing procedures to ensure the work conducted in a way that minimizes the hazard by reducing the duration, frequency or intensity.
Engineering Controls
Ventilation
Engineering Controls
Isolation rooms/ negative pressure rooms
Engineering Controls
biosafety cabinet
Engineering Controls
lab design
Engineering Controls
How is BIOSECURITY promoted?
- Physical security
- Personnel security
- Pathogen security
- Information security
- Transport security
Access control, intrusion detection, alarm assessment
- Physical security
Bg check
Personnel security
periodic investigations
Personnel security
personnel reliability programme
Personnel security
Detailed inventory
Pathogen security
acceptance and collection records
Pathogen security
inactivation and disposal records
Pathogen security
Confidentiality
Information security
passwords
Information security
back ups
Information security
protocols in record keeping
Information security
3-way packaging system
Transport security
Chain of custody
Transport security
International Air Transport Authority (IATA) certified personnel
Transport security
Is a written program stating the policies, procedures and responsibilities that protect “workers” from the health hazards associated with the hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
Must be reviewed Anually
Chemical Hygiene Plan
- [?] in relation to safe handle of hazardous chemicals
- Criteria on what [?] will be implemented for extremely hazardous materials
- Functioning [?]
- Availability and location of [?]
- Identification of [?] for OSHA regulated substances (can’t be exposed in formaldehyde for >8hrs)
- Designation of [?] responsible for implementing the CHP
SOP
PPE and Engineering controls
fume hoods and PPE
MSDS
permissible exposure limits (PELs)
personnel
Baker’s yeast
Level 1
Lactobacillus
Level 1
Escherichia
Level 1
Influenza
Level 2
HIV
Level 2
Lyme Disease
Level 2
Herpes simplex
Level 2
Salmonella
Level 2
RSV
Level 2
Staph
Level 2
Strep
Level 2
Hepatitis
Level 2
TB
Level 3
Sars-CoV2
Level 3
Yersinia pestis
Level 3
Brucella
Level 3
S. typhi
Level 3
Anthrax
Level 3
Histoplasma
Level 3
Chlamydia
Level 3
Ebola virus
Level 4
Small pox
Level 4
Marburg
Level 4
Lassa
Level 4
Arbovirus
Level 4
No containment
Level 1
Basic teaching and research
Level 1
Basic biosafety
Level 2
Primary health services
Level 2
Diagnostic service and research
Level 2
Containment biosafety
Level 3
Special diagnostic and research
Level 3
Maximum containment
Level 4
Dangerous pathogen unit
Level 4
Good microbial technique
Level 1
Standard precautions
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Controlled access
Level 3
Level 4
directions airflow
Level 3
Level 4
airlock entry
Level 4
shower exit
Level 4
special waste disposal
Level 4
None
Level 1
Open bench
Level 1
Level 2
Biosafety cabinet
Level 2
Level 3
other devices
Level 3
Class III BSC
Class II BSC
Level 4
positive pressure suits
Level 4
filtered air
Level 4
Loss of motivation
Affect the morale and threaten the emotional health of the party involved
Promotion of lab safety
Injuries impair the ability to serve
Agents: bacteria, parasite, fungi
- Biological
Heat, hazards, noise, vibrations
- Physical
Physical arrangement of the lab
- Ergonomic
Risk of having musculoskeletal diseases
- Ergonomic
Bad posture due to improper microscope use/extraction
- Ergonomic
Chemical Hygiene Plan when exposed to formaldehyde, acid, corrosive substances
- Chemical
Radioactive substances
- Radiation
Affects the mental health
- Psychological
Stress, burnout, no work breaks, shift arrangements, workplace violence
- Psychological
Non-infectious DRY waste
Black
Non-infectious WET waste
Green
Infectious Pathological Waste
Yellow
Chemical waste (heavy metals)
Yellow with Black Band
Sharps & pressurized containers
Red
Radioactive wastes
Orange
Joint Commission (JC)
RACE
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
PASS
RACE:
- Rescue—anyone in immediate danger
- Alarm—activate the institutional fire alarm system
- Contain—close all doors to potentially affected areas
- Extinguish/Evacuate— extinguish the fire, if possible, or evacuate, closing the door
PASS:
- Pull pin
- Aim at base of fire
- Squeeze handles
- Sweep nozzle, side to side
—anyone in immediate danger
- Rescue
—activate the institutional fire alarm system
- Alarm
—close all doors to potentially affected areas
- Contain
— extinguish the fire, if possible, or evacuate, closing the door
- Extinguish/Evacuate
Wood, paper, or clothing
Class A
Water
Class A
Class A
Class A
Flammable organic chemicals
Class B
Class B
Class B
Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam, or Halon
Class B
Electrical
Class C
Class C
Class C
Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, or Halon
Class C
Combustible metals
Class D
None
Class D
Sand or dry powder
Class D
Class ABC
Class D
Dry chemicals
Class D
Grease, oils, fats
Class K
Class K
Class K
Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire.
Class K
Non-negotiable; should always be followed
Standard Precautions
– hazard identification
Risk assessment
– policies and management decisions on risk
Risk management
– exchange of information involving risk
Risk communication
Foundation for biosecurity
Biosafety
Completely shut
bio-seal
– only way for an equipment to exit the room
Autoclave
Aka ―SOP‖ for chemicals
Chemical Hygiene Plan
(to check integrity of a person)
personnel reliability programme
(monitoring of specimen, etc.)
Detailed inventory
Physically remove the hazard
Elimination
Replace the hazard
Substitution
Isolate people from the hazard
Engineering Controls
Change the way people work
Administrative Controls
Protect the worker
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
