Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUDI 402 > Lesson 2: Coverings & Spaces of the CNS > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Coverings & Spaces of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells create CSF?

A

Specialized ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

In the choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does CSF get from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?

A

The interventricular foramen of Monroe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does CSF get from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th?

A

The cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does CSF get from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space? What happens to a small amount?

A

The foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie. A small amount exits into the central canal of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the choroid plexus made of? What are its three layers?

A

It is made of a network of infolded vascular capillaries. It is covered by pia mater and connective tissue, which are then lined by an epithelium layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four parts of the lateral ventricles? What separates them?

A

A body, and three horns: anterior, posterior, inferior. The septum pellucidum is located between the anterior ventricular horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structures are above and below the lateral ventricles?

A

Above: corpus callosum
Below: thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the third ventricle located? What is at its floor?

A

Between the two thalami, with the hypothalamic nuclei at its floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located? Which ventricles does it connect?

A

It separates the tectum and the tegmentum in the midbrain. It connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

Roof: cerebellum
Floor: pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are the connections between the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space located? What are their names?

A

Laterally: the foramina of Luschka (2)
Medially: foramen of Magendie (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space located? What is inside of it - both for irrigation and waste removal?

A

Between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater. It houses cisterns, and all the smaller blood vessels for the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a perivascular space?

A

Site for possible diffusion of metabolic solutes from the CSF into extracellular fluid (cysts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are arachnoid granulations? Where are they located?

A

They absorb CSF. They are part of the arachnoid membrane that sticks into the dura mater. They are located dorsally bilaterally along the superior sagittal sinus, which they empty CSF into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is required for the emptying of arachnoid granulations?

A

A pressure difference - the sinus pressure must be below the pressure of the ventricles, otherwise the arachnoid villi close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four causes of lesions in the ventricular system?

A

Excess fluid production
Tumours actually blocking the space
Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
Diminished absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common type of lesion of the ventricular system after brain injury?

A

Diminished absorption of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are meninges? What are they made of?

A

The layers over the brain after the skull. Made of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is connective tissue made of?

A

Fibrous sheets made by fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three meninges layers of the brain?

A

Outermost: dura mater
Middle: arachnoid mater
Innermost: pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two dura mater layers?

A

Periosteal and meningeal

23
Q

What qualities are specific to the dura mater?

A

Is has a rich vascular supply and sensory innervation
It is dense
Is has two layers

24
Q

What is the periosteal dura mater?

A

Lines the skull internally

25
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Where the meningeal dura mater extends into the longitudinal fissure to separate the cerebrum’s hemispheres

26
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Horizontal infolding of the meningeal dura mater that separates the cerebellum and the cerebrum

27
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

Meningeal dura mater that separates the cerebellum into two hemispheres below the tentorium cerebelli

28
Q

What occurs in the space where the periosteal and meningeal dura mater layers separate?

A

The sinuses

29
Q

What is the subdural space? What does it contain?

A

Between the visceral (innermost) dura mater layer and the arachnoid mater. It contains a few cerebral veins

30
Q

What is the arachnoid mater like? Where is it located

A

Between the subdural space and the pia mater. It is like plastic wrap

31
Q

What is the structure of the pia mater? What feature is unique to it?

A

It is a single cell layer directly on brain tissue that follows all infoldings. It is permeable, and thus allows for the passage of small vessels into the brain tissue

32
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa located over?

A

The frontal lobe

The nasal cavity and orbits

33
Q

What is the posterior cranial fossa contain?

A

The cerebellum

34
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

The hole through which the spinal cord exits the skull

35
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone located?

A

Behind the eye

36
Q

Where is the zygomatic arch located? What does it connect?

A

Over the temple. It connects the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) to the temporal bone

37
Q

Where is the pterion located?

A

It attaches the parietal bone and the sphenoid bone

38
Q

Where is the external acoustic meatus?

A

Behind and below the zygomatic arch, directly below the temporal bone

39
Q

Where is the styloid process?

A

Anterior to the mastoid process, below the ear

40
Q

Where is the mastoid process?

A

Posterior to the styloid process, below the ear

41
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus?

A

The interior part of the eardrum

42
Q

Where is the foramen rotundum? What exits from it?

A

It is in the floor of the middle cranial fossa. It is the exit point of the maxillary nerve (a branch of the trigeminal nerve)

43
Q

Where is the foramen ovale? What exits from it - both a nerve and an artery

A

It is in the floor of the middle cranial fossa. It provides passage for the mandibular nerve (from the trigeminal nerve) and the accessory meningeal artery

44
Q

Where is the carotid canal? What enters through it?

A

Anteromedial to the styloid process. It allows the internal carotid artery in

45
Q

Where is the foramen spinosum? What artery enters through it?

A

It is posterior-lateral to the foramen ovale. It allows through the middle meningeal artery and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve

46
Q

Where is the jugular foramen located? What nerves pass through it, and what venous structures?

A

It is immediately inferior to the internal acoustic meatus. The glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerve all pass through it. The internal jugular vein also does.

47
Q

What arteries supply the brain? (4)

A

Left and right internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

48
Q

What venous sinuses drain the venous blood from the brain?

A

Left and right internal jugular veins

49
Q

What is an arteriovenous malformation?

A

A blood vessel abnormality, where the blood flows directly from arteries to veins without a pressure-reducing capillary bed

50
Q

What is a sign of oculomotor nerve damage? Why does this occur?

A

Since the oculomotor nerve carries info to constrict the pupil - the pupil is thus constantly dilated (big)

51
Q

What is an aneurysm, and what is its consequence?

A

A large defect in the blood vessel. It causes pressure on brain tissue and the adjacent blood vessels

52
Q

Where does the brain swell to if it swells sideways?

A

Against the falx cerebri

53
Q

Where does the brain swell if it swells downward? What can is push that can be deadly?

A

To the anterior portion of the tentorium cerebelli. It can push the tonsil of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum, which puts pressure on the medulla

AUDI 402 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions