Lesson 2: Chain Of Infection Flashcards
Its signs and symptoms develop 48 hours or more after admission, hospital visit, or within 30 days after discharge from a hospital or healthcare facility.
Nosocomial Infection
hospital-acquired infection
Nosocomial Infection
Infection is obtained prior to admission.
community-acquired infection
Infection is restricted to one area of the body
local infection
Infection involves the entire body.
systemic infection
The _______________ is how microorganisms are transmitted.
chain of infection
It is a continuous link between a source, a mode of transmission, and a susceptible
Chain of Infection
These three factors ( source, susceptible host, mode of transmission) are connected by two different portals:
a portal of exit from the source and a portal of entry into the host.
includes infected people, specimen, and other contaminated materials.
source of an infection
Microorganisms from the source are transmitted to the…
host
can be direct or indirect.
mode of transmission
includes horizontal transmission such as hand-to-hand contact, animal contact, and sexual intercourse
Direct transmission
such as mother to fetus or newborn.
vertical transmission
includes transfer of microorganisms through fomites, food, water, aerosols, and vectors.
Indirect transmission
Physical transfer of infectious microorganisms from the source to susceptible host
DIRECT CONTACT
Hand-to-hand transmission
Sexual contact
Respiratory droplet transmission (droplets that travel 1 meter or less from infected individual;
coughing, sneezing, talking)
Horizontal transmission
Horizontal transmission
Hand-to-hand transmission
Sexual contact
Respiratory droplet transmission (droplets that travel 1 meter or less from infected individual;
coughing, sneezing, talking)
Congenital transmission (occurs across the placenta or as the baby passes through vaginal canal during delivery)
[Vertical transmission
Transfer of infective material via an object
INDIRECT CONTACT
Inanimate objects (eating utensils, drinking cups, water bottles, hospital instruments, clothing, money, doorknobs, and tampons)
Fomites
Fomites
Inanimate objects (eating utensils, drinking cups, water bottles, hospital instruments, clothing, money, doorknobs, and tampons)
Ingestion of contaminated food
Intake of contaminated water
Inhalation of infectious aerosols
Vehicle transmission
Mechanical vectors
Biological vectors (insects or arthropods)
Vector transmission
The microorganisms enter the host through different ____________ such as the mucous membrane, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and broken skin.
portals of entry
portals of entry
mucous membrane, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and broken skin.
The key to infection concept is that the ____ must be susceptible to the infecting organism.
host
The host’s __________ is often affected by different factors such as age, disease, medication, and immunosuppressive agents.
susceptibility
Factors that affects the host’s susceptibility
age, disease, medication, and immunosuppressive agents.
should be of primary goal of healthcare institutions.
Breaking the chain of infection
In breaking the link of infection,
procedures and interventions should be done such as:
effective hand hygiene, good nutrition, immunization, insect and pest control, isolation and decontamination, use of proper safety devices, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper disposal of sharps and waste materials.
Health care institutions should have an___________________ Program.
Infection-Control
Infection-Control Program Functions:
- To protect patients, employees, and visitors form infection
- To screen employees for infectious diseases and require immunization when needed
- To provide evaluation and treatment to health workers who were exposed to infections while performing their duty, and
- To monitor employees and patients who are at risk of infection and collect data from patients and health workers who were exposed to such.
