Chain Of infection Pt. 2 Flashcards
Prevention of nosocomial or health-care-associated infections
INFECTION CONTROL
FACTORS OF INFECTION CONTROL
Prevention
Monitoring/ Investigation
Surveillance, Investigation and Management
6 Infection Control
Hand Hygiene Compliance
Contact Tracing
Asset Management
Medical Scope Management
Environmental Monitoring
Surgical Sterile Processing
Infections contracted within hospital or those not becoming clinically apparent til the discharge of the patient or
infections contracted by the health care professionals as a result of their direct or indirect contact with the patients
Nosocomial Infection
Infections that are contracted outside the hospital or those who become clinically apparen within 48 hours from the hospital admission are community acquired infections.
Community Acquired Infection
The disease is contracted by the patient before I getting admitted to the hospital.
Community Acquired Infection
The patient contracts the disease during the hospital stay.
Nosocomial Infection
(Agent)
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
(Reservoir)
People
Animals/Pets (dogs, cats, reptiles)
Wild animals
Food
(Portal of Exit)
Mouth (vomit, saliva)
Cuts in the skin (blood)
During diapering and toileting stool)
(Mode of Transmission)
Contact (hands, toys, sand)
Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or cough)
(Portal of Entry)
Mouth
Cuts in the skin
Eyes
(Susceptible Host)
Babies
Children
Elderly
People with a weakened immune system
Unimmunized people
Anyone
2 DIRECT CONTACT
Horizontal and Vertical Transmission
Physical transfer of infectious microorganisms from the source to susceptible host
Direct Contact
Hand-to-hand transmission Sexual contact
Respiratory droplet transmission (droplets that travel 1 meter or less from infected individual;
coughing, sneezing, talking)
Horizontal Transmission
Congenital transmission (occurs across the placenta or as the baby passes through vaginal canal during delivery)
Vertical Transmission
3 DIRECT CONTACT
Fomites
Vehicle
Vector
Transfer of infective material via an object
Indirect Contact
Inanimate objects (eating utensils, drinking cups, water bottles, hospital instruments, clothing, money, doorknobs, and tampons)
Fomites
Congenital transmission (occurs across the placenta or as the baby passes through vaginal canal during delivery)
Vehicle Transmission
Mechanical vectors Biological vectors (insects or arthropods)
Vector Transmission
FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
- To protect patients, employees, and visitors form infection
- To screen employees for infectious diseases and require immunization when needed
- To provide evaluation and treatment to health workers who were exposed to infections while performing their duty, and
- To monitor employees and patients who are at risk of infection and collect data from patients and health workers who were exposed to such.
when patients with contagious diseases are placed into a room to protect other people from becoming infected
SOURCE ISOLATION
protect an immunocompromised patient who is at high risk of acquiring micro-organisms from either the environment or from other patients, staff or visiors
PROTECTIVE ISOLATION
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Everyone Must:
Clean hands when ontering and leaving room
Cover mouth and/nose with arm or tissue whon coughing or sneezing
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Doctors and Staff Must:
Gown and glove If solling likely
Wear mask and eyo covor If splashing body fluids likely
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
VISITORS:
Report to nurse before entering.
recommended for patients known or suspected to be infected with infectious agents transmitted person-to-person by the airborne route.
Airborne Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Patient Placement
Patient Transport
Hand Hygiene Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
AIIR
Airborne Infection Isolation Room
in ambulatory settings instruct patients with a known or suspected airborne infection to wear a _________ and observe Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette. Once in an AIIR, the mask may be removed.
surgical mask
Airborne Precautions
Wear a flit-tested, __________________or higher level respirator for respiratory protection when entering the room of a patient when listed diseases are suspected or confirmed.
NIOSH-approved N95
for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing or talking.
Droplet Precautions
