Lesson 2 Flashcards
As a concept it is used to described the structured relations and institutions. among a large number of community of people which cannot be reduced to a simple collection of aggregation of individuals.
Society as a concept
- Society is formally defined as a constituting a fairly large number of people who are living in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside. their area, and participate ia a common culture.
Society as a Facticity
- Or God is supposed to possess the tripartite.
Deity
(three-fold) powers reserved for Him alone
-omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence
3 Classical Theories of the origin of society are:
1 Structural-functional.
2 conflict Theory.
3 Symbolic Interactionism
school of thought looks at social order. It argues that society is made possible by cooperation and interdependence
Structural Functionalism
- instead of putting importance to social order, the conflict perspective sees society as an arena.
Conflict Theory
Looks at society as a competition for limited sources.
Conflict theory
-Society is composed of people interacting through the use of symbol.
Symbolic Interactionism
• It doesn’t deal with order of conflict, it explores the issues of meaning-making.
Symbolic interactionism
- these are visible, written and understood by all
Written Rules
- these rules are invisible and unwritten
Unwritten Rules
culture is the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time
Culture as a concept by Cambridge Endictionary
Culture is a central concept in
Anthropology
is an organized group of learned responses, the individual is a living organism capable of independent thought, feeling, I action but his dependence is limited.
culture
cannot exist apart from culture. A society is always made of persons and their groupings. People carry and transmit. culture. No culture can exist except as it is embodied in a human society
society
Characteristics of culture.
1 culture is social because it is the product of behavior
2 Culture varies from society to society.
3 Culture is shared.
4 Culture is learned.
5 Culture is transmitted among members. of society.
6 Culture is continuous and cumulative.
7 Culture is gratifying and idealistic.
Functions of culture
1 Culture defines situations.
2 Culture defines attitudes, values, and goals
3 Culture defines myths, legends, and supernatural
4 cuture provides behavior patterns.
Modes of Acquiring culture.
1 Imitation
2 Indoctrination of suggestion
3 Conditioning
Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things. in their social environment
Imitation
- This may take the form of formal. training informal teaching. Formally, the person learns from school. in formally, he may acquire those behaviors from listening or watching, reading, attending training activities or through interaction.
Indoctrination or suggestion
-It can be reinforced through reward and punishment.
Conditioning
Adaption of culture.
1 Parallelism
2 diffusion
3 convergence
4 fission
5 acculturation
6 Assimilation
7 Accomodation
-means that the same culture may take place in two or more different places.
Parallelism
- This is the transfer of spread of culture traits from one another brought about by change agents. Such as people or media.
Diffusion
- Takes place when two or more cultures are fused or merged. into one culture making it different from the original culture.
Convergence
-Takes place when people break away from their original culture and start developing a different culture of their own.
Fission
Voluntary accultoration occurs through. imitation borrowing, or personal contact with other people.
Acculturation
-It is the process of learning other culture
Acculturation
Occurs when the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society assumes some of the culture of the larger society or cost society
Assimilation
Occurs when the larger society and Smaller society are able to respect and tolerate cach other’s culture even if there is already a prolonged contact of each other’s culture
Accomodation
Causes of cultural change
1 Discovery
2 invention
3 Diffusion
4 Colonization
5 Rebellion and revolutionary
- is the process of finding a new place or an object, artifact or anything. that previously existed.
Discovery
- implies a creative mental process of devising, creating and producing something new, novel of original.
Invention
Diffusion involves the following social processes.
a. Acculturation
b. Assimilation
c. Amalgamation
d. Enculturation
-cultural borrowing and cultural imitation.
Acculturation
- the blending or fusion of two distinct cultures through long periods of interaction.
Assimilation
- the biological or hereditary fusion of members of
Amalgamation
- the deliberate infusion of a new culture to another.
Enculturation
- refers to the political, social, & political policy of establishing a colony which would be subject to the rule or governance of the colonizing state political, social, & political policy of establishing a colony which would be subject to the rule or governance of the colonizing state
Colonization
- movements aim to change the whole. social order and roplace the leadership. The challenge the existing folkways and mores, and propose a new scheme of norms, values, and organization.
Rebelion and Revolutionary
Other Important terms related to Culture
culture lag
Ideal culture
Real culture
Real culture
High culture
Popular culture
Cultural Diversity
Sub-culture
Counter Culture
Culture shock
-is experienced when some parts of the society do not change as fast as with other parts and they are left behind
culture lag
- set of values, practices and goals that culture aims.
Ideal Culture
- refers to the actual patterns (values, beliefs, practices, norms) in the society.
Real Culture
refers to the cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite
High Culture
- refers to the cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population
Popular culture
refers the differentation of culture all over the world which means there is no right or wrong culture but there is appropriate culture for the need of specific group of people.
Cultural Diversity
refers to a smaller group within a larger group
Sub-culture
- cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
Counter Culture
- is the feeling of disoriented, uncertain, out of place or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture
Culture shock
specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior.
Norms
Types of Norms
a. Proscriptive norm
b. Prescriptive norm
defines & tells us thing not to do
Proscriptive norm
- defines & tells us things to do
Prescriptive norm
- defines & tells us things to do
Prescriptive norm
