Lesson 1&2 : Politics Flashcards
-deals with the study of power in society, state politics and government
Political Science
-the state is a political community that involves four important elements, namely, people, territory, Sovereignty, and government
Political science
- having a basic knowledge on political science can be empowering for every citizen especially in democratic country like the Philippines
Political science
was inseparable from life in the polis or a place or state shared by a certain group of people
Politics
From this, it comes the need for politics and governance to maintain order within a society
Politics
defines politics as an activity that involves the interaction of people, whose relationship is characterized by conflict and cooperation, and who come together to solve such disagreements through binding solutions.
Heywood (2013)
Any form of social interaction that involves the art of government, public affairs, compromise and consensus, or Power and distribution of resources is political
Politics
The instrument of the state through which the will of the people is expressed, carried out, and formulated. Serves as a bridge that connects the people to the state
Government
• As a prospect of modern states, demand both the political will of policy officials and the participation of citizens/involving the people in its agenda and in the process of policy making.
Governance
The 3 Branches of Goverment.
Legislative
Executive
Judiciary
-Makes laws
-Approves presidential appointments.
Legislative
-Signs Law
- Vetoes Laws
- Pardons People Appoints Judges
-Elected every 6 years
Executive
Carries out law
Executive
-Decides if laws are constitutional
-Appointed by the president
-can overturn rulings by other judges
Judiciary
Evaluates laws
Judiciary
more or less a coherent set of ideas that direct organize a specific political action. It consist of belief and value systems, a discussion of existing power relationships, an exploration of how political changed is achieved in line with these power relations, and an illustration of desired future…
Ideology
✓ A political belief system
✓ Action - oriented set of political ideas
✓ Sanctioned set of ideas used to legitimize a political system
✓ Ideas of the ruling class
Political Ideology by Heywood
- oriented set of political ideas
Action
Major Political Ideologies: Key Ideas & Theories - Heywood 2013
Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
Social Democracy
Marxism
Feminism
Fascism
Anarchism
Green Politics/Ecologism
Cosmopolitanism
•Belief in individualism underscores the importance of human individual compared to another group
Liberalism
of the individual must be protected (freedom)
Liberty
Tolerance is the willingness of individuals to allow others to think and behave in ways they do not prove It guarantees. individual liberty. or consent
Liberalism
Authority and social relationships must be based on agreemen
Liberalism
•Tradition must be conserved (established customs and ways that have endured thru time
Conservatism
- limits human reason. Emphasizes action should be shaped by practical circumstances and goals
PRAGMATISM
Authority must be exercised from above. Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the individual’s source of security and independence from the government.
Conservatism
• Social positions & status are only natural.
Conservatism
with this, hierarchy is inevitable
Conservatism
Belief in the community highlights the degree to which the individual is connected with others.
Socialism
Brotherhood or fraternity speaks of a shared common competition/ humanity. Socialist thus prefer cooperation than individualism
Socialism
put primary on social equality over other values
Socialist
• Common ownership is also central to socialist thought. It is a means to harness material resources for the common good.
Socialism
Historical materialism provides that the economy (production) conditions all other aspects of social life.
Marxism
Process of interaction between competing forces
Marxism
Classless and stateless will rise when class antagonist fade
Communist society
• Ideology promotes compromise bet the acceptance of capitalism and the distribution of wealth according to moral, rather than market principles.
Social Democracy
stands for a balance bet the market & the state, and bet the individual and the community.
Social democrats
It is an ultranationalist ideology.
Fascism
-Fascism is manifested during the dictatorship of these two
Mussolini’s fascist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s Nazi dictatorship in Germany.
• The state, or any political authority, is seen as both evil and unnecessary
Anarchism
• Prefer a stateless society.
Anarchism
• Intersection of liberalism and socialism.
Anarchism
Unifying theme is the desire to enhance the social role of women
Feminism
• Society is characterized by sexual or gender inequality.
Feminism
• Linked w/ the emergence of environmental movement.
Green Politics / Ecologism
• It also rose as a revolt against industrialization
Green Politics / Ecologism
-Ideology expression of globalization.
Cosmopolitanism
Focuses on idea that all other people in the world have obligations to each other regardless of nationality. ethnicity, and the like
Cosmopolitanism
