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Anatomy II > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the gastointestinal tract

A

9m long

Traversing the thoracic and abdominal cavity crossing the diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the serous membrane? Peritoneum

A

They cover organs and secrete lubrificant, the parietal portion lines the body wall and the visceral portion covers the internal organs

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3
Q

What are the abdominal organs that lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum

A

Pancreas kidneys adrenal glands duodenum colon and abdominal aorta

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4
Q

What are the layers of the Gi tract

A

The inside is covered by mucosa = absorbtion and secretion of nutrients
Submucosa
Internal circular and external longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Serosa

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5
Q

What are the roles of the gut associated lymphatic tissue

A

Numerous lymphatic follicles singly or grouped
In the mucous of the GIT
Form together with the diffusely distribuited lymphocytes the Galt
Represent a part of the system specific immunity

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6
Q

To what is the esophagus connected to

A

The pharynx and the stomach

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7
Q

How long in the esophagus

A

20-30 cm

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8
Q

What are the esophagus constrictions

A

At cricoid cartilage
At aortic arch
At diaphragmatic histus

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9
Q

What is the volume of the stomach

A

1200-1600 ml

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10
Q

What are the phases of gastric juice release

A

A cephalic reflex phase
A local gastric phase
And an intestinal phase

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11
Q

What are the functions of the stomach

A

Food storage and food break down into chyme

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12
Q

What supplies blood to the stomach

A

Gastroepiploic artery

And gastric arteries

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13
Q

Composition of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejumum 2/5 of small intestine
Ileum lower 3/5 of small intestine

6 m long

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14
Q

What are the three parts of the esophagus

A

Cervical part
Thoracic part
Abdominal part

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15
Q

What is the volume of the stomach

A

1200-1600 ml

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16
Q

What are the layers of the stomach

A

Mucosa

Smooth muscle of gastric wall

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17
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine

A 
Cecum 
Colon 
Appendix 
Rectum 
Anal canal
18
Q

Where and what is the cecum

A

Its the beginnin go the large intestine

A worm like tube called appendix attaches there

19
Q

What is the colon function

A

Liquid waste removed and made into campact waste, colon absorbs most of the water

20
Q

Taenia coli

A

Bands of longitudinal muscle running along the outside of the colon

21
Q

Function of rectum

A

Expell solid waste
15 cm long
End of the anum
Lies outside peritoneal cavity

22
Q

What are the main intestinal vasculature

A

Superior masenteric artery

Inferior masenteric artery

23
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Rythmic contractoon that moves food down intestinal tract

24
Q

Function of liver

A

Bile exectrition
Metabolism
Detoxification

25
Q

Gallbladder

A

Bile storage

26
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes production

Hco3 as h buffer

27
Q

Swallowing stages

A 
Voluntary stage (initated the swallowing processes) 
Pharyngeal stage (passage through pharynx
Esophageal stage
28
Q

Chyme

A

Mixing food with gastric secretion

29
Q

Gastric factors

A

Food volume increased food

Gastrin seems to enhance the activity of pyloric pump

30
Q

Duodenal factors

A

Enterogastric nervous reflexes

Cck inhibits stomach motility

Secretin Gip (other possible inhibitors

31
Q

Propolsive movements

A

Inherent property of many syncytial smooth miscle tubes
Usual stimuli: distention of the gut but also strong parasymphatetic input elicits peristalsis
Effectual peristalsis requires active myenteric plexus

32
Q

Mixing movements

A

Differ in different parts of the alimentary tract

33
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Own nervous system
100 million neurons
Important in controllimg gastrointestinal movements (myenteric plexus) and secretion (submucosal plexus)
Inputs from symphatetic and parasympathetic ns can greatly enhance or inhibits GI function

34
Q

Resting membrane potential of smooth muscle

A

-56mV

35
Q

Gastrin

A

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

G cells of antrum , duodendum

36
Q

CCK

A

Stimulus = protein fat acid
Stimulates pancreativ enzyme and bicarbonate secretiongallbladder contraction
Inhibits gastric emptying

37
Q

Secritin

A

Inhibits intestinal motility
Stimulates pepsin secretion
Bicarbonate secretion
Inhibits gastric secretion acid secretion

38
Q

What is splanchnic cicrulation

A

Its roughly 30% of cardiac output

Its blood flow through gut+ blood flow through spleen, pancreas + liver

39
Q

Blood supply to gut

A

Sup. And inf. mesenteric artery -> small and large intestine

Celiac artery -> stomach

40
Q

How does blood flow increases during GI activity

A

Several vasodilatator substances released from GIT
Decreased local oxygen concentration
Autonomous NS = parasymphatetic local blood flow increase

Anatomy II (9 decks)

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