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Anatomy II > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck region

A
  • Between trunk and neck clavicles in front ald 7th cervical vertebra in the back
  • toward the head: line joining the lower border of the mandible, the mastoid process and the external occipital protuberance
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2
Q

Back part of the neck

A

Nucha

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3
Q

Anterior part of the neck

A

Cervix

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4
Q

What are the neck fasciae

A

Superficial fascia of the neck
Petracheal facial layer of the neck
Prevertebral fascia of the neck

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5
Q

Name two types of muscles of the skull

A

Muscle of mastication

And facial expression

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6
Q

3 muscles of mastication

A

Masseter muscle
Medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
Temporalis muscle
Supplied by trigemina, nerve

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7
Q

Name muscle of facial expression

A

M. Orbicularis oris
M. Orbicularis oculi
M. Depressor anguli oris
All supplied by facial nerve

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8
Q

What joint is the The jaw joint

A 
Temporomandibular joint 
Hinge joint 
Nutritional intake speech facial expression 
Connects mandible with temporal bone 
Articular disk
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9
Q

What is the only opener of the mouth

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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10
Q

What are the mouth closers of the mandible

A

Temporalis

Masseter

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11
Q

What is tetanus

A

An infection caused by anaerobic bacteria clostridium tetani found in dirty wounds that produces a neurotoxin that causes muscles to contract continiously

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12
Q

Whats a pantomogram

A

Dental panoramic radiograph

Orthopantomogram

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13
Q

What is the main function ig the digestive system

A

Prepare food for cellular utilization

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14
Q

Ingestion

A

Taling food into the mouth

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as preparation for absorbtion

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16
Q

Absorbtion

A

Passage of molecules of food through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract into blood or lymph for distibution to cells

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17
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhytmic, wavelike intestinal contractions that move food

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18
Q

Defecation

A

Discharge of ingestible waste

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19
Q

Composition of oral cavity

A

Teeth
Toungh
Salivary gland

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20
Q

Digestive channel

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine

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21
Q

Accessory organs

A

Liver bladder pancreas

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22
Q

How lomg is the GI tract

A

9m
From mouth to anus
Passing thoracic and abdominal cavity

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23
Q

Where does the oral cavity ends

A

Isthmus of fauces

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24
Q

How is the oral cavity divided

A

Vestibulum and inner cavity

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25
Q

Functions of oral cavity

A

Ingest food
Recieves saliva
Grinds food
Initiates digestion

26
Q

What are the muscles of the toungue

A

Intrinsic: (within toungue)

  • superior longitudinal muscle of the toungue
  • inf. long muscle of toungue
  • transverse muscle of toungue
  • vertical muscle of toungue

Estrinsic: (originate outside toungue)

  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
27
Q

What nerve innervates toungue

A

Hypoglossal nerve XII

28
Q

What glands are salivary glands

A

Exocrine glands
Small salivary glands
Large salivary glands

29
Q

What are the large salivary glands and their entry to oral cavity

A

Parotid - lateral to upper second molar
Submandibular papilla lateral to frenulum
Sublingual- ducts along base of the toungue

30
Q

How much salivation per day

A

1-1.5 liter

Saliva has amylase

31
Q

What is the innervation of salivation

A

Parasympathetic activates salivation

Symphatetic inhibits

32
Q

How many teeth

A

2 rows total of 32

33
Q

Type of teeths and teir role

A

Inicisor : cutting teeths Canines : tearing and fixing

Premolars and molars : chewing

34
Q

Composition of permanent dentition

A

8 incissors
4 canines
8 premolar
12 molars

35
Q

Whats M1

A

First permanent teeth to erups at 6 yrs

36
Q

Last 4 teeth

A

Between 17-38 yrs are wisdom teeth

37
Q

How long is the pharynx

A

12 cm

38
Q

What are the parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (epi)
Oropharynx (meso)
Hypopharinx

39
Q

How is the pharyngeal wall composed

A

Mucosa
Striatal muscle
Connective tissue layer

40
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Connects pharynx with tumpanic cavity of middle ear

41
Q

What are constrictors

A

External circular layer of pharyngeal muslce

42
Q

What is the innervation of pharinx

A

Vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal

43
Q

What are the processes that Atp energizes

A

Cellular components
Muscle contraction transport across membrane
Glandular secretion
Nerve conduction

44
Q

What is a calorie

A

Its the quantity of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1C

45
Q

Whats direct calorimetry

A

Measures teh body heat production to calculate energy expenditure

46
Q

Inidrect calorimetry

A

Calculates emergy expenditure from the rate of oxygen utilization

47
Q

What is total energy expenditure composed of

A

Basal metabolic rate
Activity energy costs
Diet induced thermogenesis

48
Q

What is the adequate uptake of proteins

A

0.5g/kg of bodyweight for proper nitrogen balance

49
Q

Deficiency in vit A

A

Night blindness

50
Q

Vit C deficiency

A

Scurvy

51
Q

Vit D deficinecy

A

Rickets

52
Q

B12 and folic acid deficiency

A

Anemia , loss of sensation, paralysis

53
Q

Vit -k deficiency

A

Coagulation disorders

54
Q

Calcium

A

1g day fir bones

55
Q

Phospjorous

A

Major anion of intracellular fluid 1g/day

56
Q

Iron

A

10-20 mg/day 2\3 in the form of hemoglobin

57
Q

Iodine

A

0.15 mg\day Catalyst of enzymatic reactions

58
Q

What are the innervation to the hypotalamus for hunger signals

A 
gi tract 
Chemical signals 
Hormons from gi 
Hormones from adipose tissue 
Signal from cerebral cortex
59
Q

Short term regulation of food intake

A

CCK its released in response to fat enetring the duodendum , reduces subsequent eating
Food in intestine releases YY and glucagon peptide
Ghrelin secreted by stomach during fasting , stimulates feeding

60
Q

Long term regualtion of food

A

Effect of blood concentration on glucose amino acids and lipids, decrease increases humger
Leptin in adipose tissue signals the brain to stop eating

Anatomy II (9 decks)

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