Lesson 17 - Assessing Strategies in Rural Areas (Cornwall)

Question 1

What are the most significant challenges that exist within Cornwall?

Answer 1

Lack of qualified professionals
Temporary labour force
Brain Drain
Job market discrimination + exploitation
Low median annual income
Limited cultural diversity

Question 2

Describe the degree of cultural diversity in Cornwall

Answer 2

One of the UK’s least ethnically diverse regions
95% White British
Most foreign agricultural workers are temporary

Question 3

What is arguable Cornwall’s most significant economic problem?

Answer 3

Most jobs are part time + seasonal
Lacks a year round economy for adult employment

Question 4

What did Cornwall’s ‘Old Economy’ consist of?

Answer 4

Primary sector employment
Farming, fishing, tin mining, china clay quarrying

Question 5

How has land use changed across Cornwall’s farmland?

Answer 5

Until 2000s, majority used for livestock farming
2016-17, many dairy farmers resorted to arable + vegetable farming due to unprofitable margins

Question 6

What was Cornwall’s average full time earning in 2011?

Answer 6

£25,155
Lowest in England
77% of UK average

Question 7

Which 4 projects have been introduced in order to provide Cornwall with economic vitality?

Answer 7

Enterprise Zones
Eden Project
Superfast Broadband
Aircraft Related Industries

Question 8

What is the Eden Project?

Answer 8

Opened 2001
Exhibits 2 large biomes for research + education developments
Focus on sustainability

Question 9

What was the total cost of the Eden project?

Answer 9

£140m

Question 10

What did the Eden Project achieve within the first 10 years?

Answer 10

Generated £1.1b
13m visitors
Directly employed 650, 3000 more indirectly
Extended tourism as year round sector
Introduced new customers for local firms
£7m spent on local produce per year

Question 11

What have been the main disadvantages of the Eden Project?

Answer 11

Traffic congestion has risen
Increased competition for local firms
Distant Cornish areas have experienced lesser tourism + investment
One project is not enough to alleviate poverty

Question 12

What has the enterprise zone plan consisted of?

Answer 12

Introduced by regional govt aid
Specific locations which attract local aid
Carry investment incentives

Question 13

What are the impacts of Enterprise Zones?

Answer 13

Broader employment opportunity
Environmental conservation concerns
May reduce effects of Brain Drain

Question 14

In 2016, what % of Cornwall had access to fibre broadband?

Answer 14

85%
First UK region to achieve this

Question 15

What was the total cost of Cornwall’s fibre broadband network, and which 2 stakeholders funded it?

Answer 15

£132m
EU Regional Development Fund - £53.5m
BT - £78.5m

Question 16

What is the estimated economic impact of Cornwall’s broadband development?

Answer 16

Increasing knowledge economy
2000 jobs created
Roughly £200m generated annually

Question 17

Which aircraft related industries have had a significant impact within Cornwall?

Answer 17

Bristow Helicopters
British International Helicopters
Cornwall Air Ambulance Trust
Skybus
+ 2 helicopter + aircraft training centres

Question 18

Which key players have had significant involvement in managing change within Cornwall?

Answer 18

The EU
UK govt
Local govt
Stakeholders in local economy
Environmentalists
Education centres

Question 19

Describe the involvement of the EU within Cornwall

Answer 19

Provided convergence funding since 1999

Question 20

Describe the involvement of the UK govt within Cornwall

Answer 20

South West Regional Development Agency provided grants until 2010
Most have been cut and are now given by central govt

Question 21

Describe the involvement of local govt within Cornwall

Answer 21

Public sector is largest employer (NHS + Council)