Lesson 14c - Conflict + Tension (Docklands) Flashcards

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1
Q

What caused the original port of London to relocate?

A

1970s container ship development
Thames not deep enough to accommodate

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2
Q

When did the closure of the last of the East End docks occur?

A

1981

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3
Q

How did dock closures affect the local working population?

A

1979-83, 12,000 jobs lost
1981 census, 60% of men unemployed in some parts of East London

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4
Q

How did nearby East London industry suffer following the dock closures?

A

Many fell into disrepair + bankruptcy
Reliant on port to import raw materials + export produce

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5
Q

How did the East End population change between 1971 and 1981?

A

Fell by 100,000

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6
Q

What was the main social impact of dock closure?

A

Worsening social tensions + race relations due to unemployment

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7
Q

What was the governments initial plan regarding urban regeneration?

A

Rebranding inner cities
Planners hired to re-envision + re-image

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8
Q

How much riverside property was left derelict + in need of regeneration?

A

21 square km

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9
Q

Which firm was entrusted with the responsibility of regenerating the docklands?

A

LDDC - London Docklands Development Corporation
Central govt agency

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10
Q

What was the primary focus of the LDDC?

A

Encourage economic growth
Market led regeneration

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11
Q

How did the LDDC attempt to grow the local economy?

A

Involvement of many key players
Eg private property developers, architects and private investors

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12
Q

Why did social tensions arise following the LDDC’s involvement in the docklands?

A

Local borough councils not consulted + had no say
Led to conflict of interest
Neglected the impoverished community

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13
Q

What was hailed the LDDC’s Flagship project?

A

Canary Wharf

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14
Q

What was the annual output of Canary Wharf in 2015?

A

£6 billion

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15
Q

How many daily commuters is there in Canary Wharf + what is their average wage?

A

Roughly 100,000
Avg: £100,000 + bonuses

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16
Q

What has taken place in the docklands as a consequence of regeneration?

A

Gentrification
Led to social divisions between new + original residents

17
Q

In 2012, what was the hourly wage of 27% of the Newham population?

A

Less than £7

18
Q

Which scheme was introduced in order to resolve the social housing crisis?

A

Right to Buy scheme

19
Q

What did the right to buy scheme entail?

A

Social/council housing residents given option to buy at reduced market value

20
Q

How many council houses were sold between 1981 and 2015?

A

127,000

21
Q

Where have the majority of traditional East End citizens retired to?

A

The Essex coast (Southend etc)

22
Q

In 2011, what was the average age of docklands wards Newham and Tower Hamlets?

A

31 (Uk avg is 40)
Reflects in migration of younger demographics

23
Q

How have migrant experiences suffered in East London?

A

Social exclusion due to house prices
Hostility from far right anti mosque groups

24
Q

What did the organisation TellMAMA observe about Islamophobic attacks?

A

60% victims were female
Those who wear a face veil more likely to experience aggression

25
Q

Give 3 social impacts of the docklands regeneration

A

22,000 new homes
Changing communal spirit (yuppies)
10,000 refurbished former terraced houses
Insufficient investment into services
Local residents priced out

26
Q

Give 3 economic impacts of the docklands regeneration

A

1981-2018, 78,000 jobs created
TNC investment in Canary Wharf
New firms + institutions introduced
Higher trade for local shopkeepers
Stronger connections to London
International connectivity
Wealthy newcomers - prices rising

27
Q

Give 3 environmental impacts of the docklands regeneration

A

Rising noise + air pollution
750 hectares derelict land reclaimed
200,000 trees planted
130 hectares of open space created
Improved accessibility