Lesson 14c - Conflict + Tension (Docklands) Flashcards
What caused the original port of London to relocate?
1970s container ship development
Thames not deep enough to accommodate
When did the closure of the last of the East End docks occur?
1981
How did dock closures affect the local working population?
1979-83, 12,000 jobs lost
1981 census, 60% of men unemployed in some parts of East London
How did nearby East London industry suffer following the dock closures?
Many fell into disrepair + bankruptcy
Reliant on port to import raw materials + export produce
How did the East End population change between 1971 and 1981?
Fell by 100,000
What was the main social impact of dock closure?
Worsening social tensions + race relations due to unemployment
What was the governments initial plan regarding urban regeneration?
Rebranding inner cities
Planners hired to re-envision + re-image
How much riverside property was left derelict + in need of regeneration?
21 square km
Which firm was entrusted with the responsibility of regenerating the docklands?
LDDC - London Docklands Development Corporation
Central govt agency
What was the primary focus of the LDDC?
Encourage economic growth
Market led regeneration
How did the LDDC attempt to grow the local economy?
Involvement of many key players
Eg private property developers, architects and private investors
Why did social tensions arise following the LDDC’s involvement in the docklands?
Local borough councils not consulted + had no say
Led to conflict of interest
Neglected the impoverished community
What was hailed the LDDC’s Flagship project?
Canary Wharf
What was the annual output of Canary Wharf in 2015?
£6 billion
How many daily commuters is there in Canary Wharf + what is their average wage?
Roughly 100,000
Avg: £100,000 + bonuses
What has taken place in the docklands as a consequence of regeneration?
Gentrification
Led to social divisions between new + original residents
In 2012, what was the hourly wage of 27% of the Newham population?
Less than £7
Which scheme was introduced in order to resolve the social housing crisis?
Right to Buy scheme
What did the right to buy scheme entail?
Social/council housing residents given option to buy at reduced market value
How many council houses were sold between 1981 and 2015?
127,000
Where have the majority of traditional East End citizens retired to?
The Essex coast (Southend etc)
In 2011, what was the average age of docklands wards Newham and Tower Hamlets?
31 (Uk avg is 40)
Reflects in migration of younger demographics
How have migrant experiences suffered in East London?
Social exclusion due to house prices
Hostility from far right anti mosque groups
What did the organisation TellMAMA observe about Islamophobic attacks?
60% victims were female
Those who wear a face veil more likely to experience aggression
Give 3 social impacts of the docklands regeneration
22,000 new homes
Changing communal spirit (yuppies)
10,000 refurbished former terraced houses
Insufficient investment into services
Local residents priced out
Give 3 economic impacts of the docklands regeneration
1981-2018, 78,000 jobs created
TNC investment in Canary Wharf
New firms + institutions introduced
Higher trade for local shopkeepers
Stronger connections to London
International connectivity
Wealthy newcomers - prices rising
Give 3 environmental impacts of the docklands regeneration
Rising noise + air pollution
750 hectares derelict land reclaimed
200,000 trees planted
130 hectares of open space created
Improved accessibility
