Lesson 14c - Conflict + Tension (Docklands)

Question 1

What caused the original port of London to relocate?

Answer 1

1970s container ship development
Thames not deep enough to accommodate

Question 2

When did the closure of the last of the East End docks occur?

Answer 2

1981

Question 3

How did dock closures affect the local working population?

Answer 3

1979-83, 12,000 jobs lost
1981 census, 60% of men unemployed in some parts of East London

Question 4

How did nearby East London industry suffer following the dock closures?

Answer 4

Many fell into disrepair + bankruptcy
Reliant on port to import raw materials + export produce

Question 5

How did the East End population change between 1971 and 1981?

Answer 5

Fell by 100,000

Question 6

What was the main social impact of dock closure?

Answer 6

Worsening social tensions + race relations due to unemployment

Question 7

What was the governments initial plan regarding urban regeneration?

Answer 7

Rebranding inner cities
Planners hired to re-envision + re-image

Question 8

How much riverside property was left derelict + in need of regeneration?

Answer 8

21 square km

Question 9

Which firm was entrusted with the responsibility of regenerating the docklands?

Answer 9

LDDC - London Docklands Development Corporation
Central govt agency

Question 10

What was the primary focus of the LDDC?

Answer 10

Encourage economic growth
Market led regeneration

Question 11

How did the LDDC attempt to grow the local economy?

Answer 11

Involvement of many key players
Eg private property developers, architects and private investors

Question 12

Why did social tensions arise following the LDDC’s involvement in the docklands?

Answer 12

Local borough councils not consulted + had no say
Led to conflict of interest
Neglected the impoverished community

Question 13

What was hailed the LDDC’s Flagship project?

Answer 13

Canary Wharf

Question 14

What was the annual output of Canary Wharf in 2015?

Answer 14

£6 billion

Question 15

How many daily commuters is there in Canary Wharf + what is their average wage?

Answer 15

Roughly 100,000
Avg: £100,000 + bonuses

Question 16

What has taken place in the docklands as a consequence of regeneration?

Answer 16

Gentrification
Led to social divisions between new + original residents

Question 17

In 2012, what was the hourly wage of 27% of the Newham population?

Answer 17

Less than £7

Question 18

Which scheme was introduced in order to resolve the social housing crisis?

Answer 18

Right to Buy scheme

Question 19

What did the right to buy scheme entail?

Answer 19

Social/council housing residents given option to buy at reduced market value

Question 20

How many council houses were sold between 1981 and 2015?

Answer 20

127,000

Question 21

Where have the majority of traditional East End citizens retired to?

Answer 21

The Essex coast (Southend etc)

Question 22

In 2011, what was the average age of docklands wards Newham and Tower Hamlets?

Answer 22

31 (Uk avg is 40)
Reflects in migration of younger demographics

Question 23

How have migrant experiences suffered in East London?

Answer 23

Social exclusion due to house prices
Hostility from far right anti mosque groups

Question 24

What did the organisation TellMAMA observe about Islamophobic attacks?

Answer 24

60% victims were female
Those who wear a face veil more likely to experience aggression

Question 25

Give 3 social impacts of the docklands regeneration

Answer 25

22,000 new homes
Changing communal spirit (yuppies)
10,000 refurbished former terraced houses
Insufficient investment into services
Local residents priced out

Question 26

Give 3 economic impacts of the docklands regeneration

Answer 26

1981-2018, 78,000 jobs created
TNC investment in Canary Wharf
New firms + institutions introduced
Higher trade for local shopkeepers
Stronger connections to London
International connectivity
Wealthy newcomers - prices rising

Question 27

Give 3 environmental impacts of the docklands regeneration

Answer 27

Rising noise + air pollution
750 hectares derelict land reclaimed
200,000 trees planted
130 hectares of open space created
Improved accessibility