Lesson 15a Flashcards
Give the three primary interpretations of “because all sinned” in Rom 5:12 (“Therefore, just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men, because all sinned”)
- All sinned, not in their own persons, but sin is “imputed” to them in Adam (Cara, Hodge, Murray, Brown, Bengel, Bruce, Ridderbos, Geneva Bible, Chrysostom)
- All sinned in their own persons independently of Adam, although after his example (Pelagius, Dunn?)
- All sinned in their own persons due to the corrupt nature inherited from Adam (Cranfield, Calvin, Sanday, Fitzmyer)
According to Dr. Cara, the parallel in Rom 5:19 confirms that Rom 5:12-14 teaches that all sinned in Adam, not that all sinned personally. Explain.
Romans 5:19a, “many were made sinners,” is the best linguistic commentary on “because all sinned.” Romans 5:19b has at least a primary forensic sense
Give Dr. Cara’s exegesis of “sin is not imputed when there is no law” (5:13) and fully explain what “law” has been violated.
Dr. Cara’s paraphrase of Romans 5:13-14
* (13a) For even before the Mosaic Law sin was in the world, (13b) and since (de) it is a truism in God’s universe that sin is never imputed where there is no law (cf. 4:15), (14a) but (alla) there must have been a law, as I noted before all truly died before Moses, (14b) even those who did not commit the sin in the garden
* What is the law spoken of in Rom 5:13b?
* Adam’s federal responsibilities
* .e., the Covenant of Works with Adam
* Sin is immediately imputed to all those connected to Adam.
