Lesson 1.1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

(80 cards)

1
Q

the study of the form and structure of the animal body and the relationships among its parts

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

the study of how the body functions

A

Physiology

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3
Q

the study of cells and tissues that require a microscope to see

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

various sections that an animal’s body is divided into

A

Planes of Reference

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5
Q

Which planes divide the body into left and right halves but are not always equal?

A

Sagittal Planes

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6
Q

divides the animal down the center into equal left and right halves

A

Median Plane

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7
Q

What plane divides the body into 2 sections, one containing the head and the other the tail?

A

Transverse Plane

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8
Q

perpendicular to the Median Plane, divides the body into 2 parts containing the stomach and the back

A

Dorsal Plane

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9
Q

closer to the head

A

Cranial

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10
Q

closer to the back and spine

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

away from the middle or median plane

A

Lateral

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12
Q

towards the surface

A

Superficial

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13
Q

when a body part is closer to the main portion of the body

A

Proximal

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14
Q

when a body part is farther from the main portion of the body

A

Distal

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15
Q

the surface that touches the ground in back/lower limbs

A

Plantar

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16
Q

surface that touches the ground on the front/upper limbs

A

Palmer

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17
Q

the balance in the distribution of body parts

A

Symmetry

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18
Q

an organism’s left and right halves that are mirror images of each other

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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19
Q

axis of symmetry is around a central point

A

Radial Symmetry

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20
Q

contains the central nervous system and is subdivided into a cranial cavity and spinal cavity

A

Dorsal Body Cavity

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21
Q

formed from the bones of the skull and contains the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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22
Q

formed from the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

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23
Q

also subdivided into two compartments, the thorax and the abdomen

A

Ventral Body Cavity

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24
Q

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels

A

Thoracic Cavity

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25
the thorax and the organs within the Thoracic Cavity, are all covered by a thin membrane called
Pleura
26
What is the thoracic cavity is sometimes called?
Pleura Cavity
27
the pleura that lines the organs
Visceral Layer
28
the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity as a whole
Parietal Layer
29
contains all the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems, as well as the stomach and intestinal tract
Abdominal Cavity
30
the abdominal cavity and the organs it contains are lined by a membrane called
Peritoneum
31
What is the abdominal cavity is sometimes called?
Peritoneal Cavity
32
the systematic classification and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
33
the major taxonomic categories, from largest to smallest:
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
34
muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity
Diaphragm
35
Mammals belong to several different ______ and are grouped together based largely on the presence of shared anatomical and physiological characteristics
orders
36
Order Carnivora
meat eaters, such as dogs and cats
37
Order Artiodactyla
the even-toed hoofed mammals, like pigs, cows, sheep, and goats (two hooves per limb)
38
Order Perissodactyla
the odd-toed hoofed mammals, like horses (one hoof per limb)
39
Order Rodentia
rodents, such as rats, mice, hamsters, and squirrels
40
Order Lagomorpha
rabbits and hares
41
structures within the body that are made up of different types of tissues working together
Organs
42
helps bind the tissues within the organ together
Connective Tissue
43
collections of organs and structures that cooperate to perform an essential function for the body as a whole
Organ Systems
44
maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body
Homeostasis
45
when the internal conditions can vary somewhat but only within the margins set by the body.
Dynamic Equilibrium
46
closer to the tip of the nose
Rostral
47
movement within GI system, moving away from the mouth
Aborad
48
types of muscle tissues in the body
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
49
4 general types of tissue found in the body
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
50
closest to the ground
Ventral
51
closer to the middle or Median Plane
Medial
52
away from the surface, towards the center
Deep
53
movement within GI system in the direction of the mouth
Orad
54
What 5 areas does the head and neck of a horse include?
the muzzle, throatlatch, poll, mane, crest
55
What is the body of a horse divided into what 3 parts??
head and neck, trunk, the 4 limbs
56
What are the 3 parts of the muzzle of a horse?
chin, mouth, nostrils
57
where the windpipe meets the head in a horse
throatlatch
58
the beginning of the neck, immediately behind the ears of a horse
poll
59
long, coarse hair growing from the dorsal ridge of a horse's neck
mane
60
upper portion of the neck where the mane grows on a horse
crest
61
What 7 areas does the trunk of the horse include?
withers, barrel, back, loin, croup, dock, shoulders
62
highest point of the thoracic vertebrae, just above the top of the shoulder blades, also where the height of a horse is measured
withers
63
body of a horse enclosing the rib cage and other major internal organs
barrel
64
area where the saddle sits, begins at the end of the withers and extending to the last thoracic vertebrae
back
65
the area right behind the saddle, going to the last rib to the croup
loin
66
the topline of the hindquarters, beginning at the hip and stopping at the dock of the tail of a horse
croup
67
made up of scapula and associated muscles
shoulders
68
What 12 structures are included in the limbs of a horse?
elbow, forearm, knee, chestnut, cannon, pastern, fetlock, stifle, gaskin, hock, coronet, hoof
69
joint of the front leg at the point where the belly of the horse meets the leg
elbow
70
also known as the antebrachium, the area of the front leg between the knee and the elbow, consists of the fused radius and ulna in a horse
forearm
71
also known as the carpus, large joint in the front legs of a horse
knee
72
callosity on the inside of each leg of a horse
chestnut
73
metacarpal that lies between the knee and the fetlock joint of a horse
cannon
74
connects the coronet and the fetlock, is made up of the middle and proximal phalanx
pastern
75
also known as the ankle, joint distal to the knee on the front legs and the hocks on the back legs of a horse
fetlock
76
articulation between the femur and the tibia and the articulation between the patella and the femur of a horse
stifle
77
large muscle in the hind leg, just above the hock and below the stifle
gaskin
78
also known as the tarsus, large joint in the hind leg of a horse
hock
79
ring of soft tissue, just above the hoof that blends into the skin of the leg of a horse
coronet
80
foot of a horse
hoof