Lesson 1.1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

the study of the form and structure of the animal body and the relationships among its parts

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

the study of how the body functions

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

the study of cells and tissues that require a microscope to see

Answer 3

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 4

various sections that an animal’s body is divided into

Answer 4

Planes of Reference

Question 5

Which planes divide the body into left and right halves but are not always equal?

Answer 5

Sagittal Planes

Question 6

divides the animal down the center into equal left and right halves

Answer 6

Median Plane

Question 7

What plane divides the body into 2 sections, one containing the head and the other the tail?

Answer 7

Transverse Plane

Question 8

perpendicular to the Median Plane, divides the body into 2 parts containing the stomach and the back

Answer 8

Dorsal Plane

Question 9

closer to the head

Answer 9

Cranial

Question 10

closer to the back and spine

Answer 10

Dorsal

Question 11

away from the middle or median plane

Answer 11

Lateral

Question 12

towards the surface

Answer 12

Superficial

Question 13

when a body part is closer to the main portion of the body

Answer 13

Proximal

Question 14

when a body part is farther from the main portion of the body

Answer 14

Distal

Question 15

the surface that touches the ground in back/lower limbs

Answer 15

Plantar

Question 16

surface that touches the ground on the front/upper limbs

Answer 16

Palmer

Question 17

the balance in the distribution of body parts

Answer 17

Symmetry

Question 18

an organism’s left and right halves that are mirror images of each other

Answer 18

Bilateral Symmetry

Question 19

axis of symmetry is around a central point

Answer 19

Radial Symmetry

Question 20

contains the central nervous system and is subdivided into a cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Answer 20

Dorsal Body Cavity

Question 21

formed from the bones of the skull and contains the brain

Answer 21

Cranial Cavity

Question 22

formed from the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord

Answer 22

Spinal Cavity

Question 23

also subdivided into two compartments, the thorax and the abdomen

Answer 23

Ventral Body Cavity

Question 24

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels

Answer 24

Thoracic Cavity

Question 25

the thorax and the organs within the Thoracic Cavity, are all covered by a thin membrane called

Answer 25

Pleura

Question 26

What is the thoracic cavity is sometimes called?

Answer 26

Pleura Cavity

Question 27

the pleura that lines the organs

Answer 27

Visceral Layer

Question 28

the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity as a whole

Answer 28

Parietal Layer

Question 29

contains all the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems, as well as the stomach and intestinal tract

Answer 29

Abdominal Cavity

Question 30

the abdominal cavity and the organs it contains are lined by a membrane called

Answer 30

Peritoneum

Question 31

What is the abdominal cavity is sometimes called?

Answer 31

Peritoneal Cavity

Question 32

the systematic classification and naming of organisms

Answer 32

Taxonomy

Question 33

the major taxonomic categories, from largest to smallest:

Answer 33

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 34

muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity

Answer 34

Diaphragm

Question 35

Mammals belong to several different ______ and are grouped together based largely on the presence of shared anatomical and physiological characteristics

Answer 35

orders

Question 36

Order Carnivora

Answer 36

meat eaters, such as dogs and cats

Question 37

Order Artiodactyla

Answer 37

the even-toed hoofed mammals, like pigs, cows, sheep, and goats (two hooves per limb)

Question 38

Order Perissodactyla

Answer 38

the odd-toed hoofed mammals, like horses (one hoof per limb)

Question 39

Order Rodentia

Answer 39

rodents, such as rats, mice, hamsters, and squirrels

Question 40

Order Lagomorpha

Answer 40

rabbits and hares

Question 41

structures within the body that are made up of different types of tissues working together

Answer 41

Organs

Question 42

helps bind the tissues within the organ together

Answer 42

Connective Tissue

Question 43

collections of organs and structures that cooperate to perform an essential function for the body as a whole

Answer 43

Organ Systems

Question 44

maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body

Answer 44

Homeostasis

Question 45

when the internal conditions can vary somewhat but only within the margins set by the body.

Answer 45

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 46

closer to the tip of the nose

Answer 46

Rostral

Question 47

movement within GI system, moving away from the mouth

Answer 47

Aborad

Question 48

types of muscle tissues in the body

Answer 48

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 49

4 general types of tissue found in the body

Answer 49

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 50

closest to the ground

Answer 50

Ventral

Question 51

closer to the middle or Median Plane

Answer 51

Medial

Question 52

away from the surface, towards the center

Answer 52

Deep

Question 53

movement within GI system in the direction of the mouth

Answer 53

Orad

Question 54

What 5 areas does the head and neck of a horse include?

Answer 54

the muzzle, throatlatch, poll, mane, crest

Question 55

What is the body of a horse divided into what 3 parts??

Answer 55

head and neck, trunk, the 4 limbs

Question 56

What are the 3 parts of the muzzle of a horse?

Answer 56

chin, mouth, nostrils

Question 57

where the windpipe meets the head in a horse

Answer 57

throatlatch

Question 58

the beginning of the neck, immediately behind the ears of a horse

Answer 58

poll

Question 59

long, coarse hair growing from the dorsal ridge of a horse's neck

Answer 59

mane

Question 60

upper portion of the neck where the mane grows on a horse

Answer 60

crest

Question 61

What 7 areas does the trunk of the horse include?

Answer 61

withers, barrel, back, loin, croup, dock, shoulders

Question 62

highest point of the thoracic vertebrae, just above the top of the shoulder blades, also where the height of a horse is measured

Answer 62

withers

Question 63

body of a horse enclosing the rib cage and other major internal organs

Answer 63

barrel

Question 64

area where the saddle sits, begins at the end of the withers and extending to the last thoracic vertebrae

Answer 64

back

Question 65

the area right behind the saddle, going to the last rib to the croup

Answer 65

loin

Question 66

the topline of the hindquarters, beginning at the hip and stopping at the dock of the tail of a horse

Answer 66

croup

Question 67

made up of scapula and associated muscles

Answer 67

shoulders

Question 68

What 12 structures are included in the limbs of a horse?

Answer 68

elbow, forearm, knee, chestnut, cannon, pastern, fetlock, stifle, gaskin, hock, coronet, hoof

Question 69

joint of the front leg at the point where the belly of the horse meets the leg

Answer 69

elbow

Question 70

also known as the antebrachium, the area of the front leg between the knee and the elbow, consists of the fused radius and ulna in a horse

Answer 70

forearm

Question 71

also known as the carpus, large joint in the front legs of a horse

Answer 71

knee

Question 72

callosity on the inside of each leg of a horse

Answer 72

chestnut

Question 73

metacarpal that lies between the knee and the fetlock joint of a horse

Answer 73

cannon

Question 74

connects the coronet and the fetlock, is made up of the middle and proximal phalanx

Answer 74

pastern

Question 75

also known as the ankle, joint distal to the knee on the front legs and the hocks on the back legs of a horse

Answer 75

fetlock

Question 76

articulation between the femur and the tibia and the articulation between the patella and the femur of a horse

Answer 76

stifle

Question 77

large muscle in the hind leg, just above the hock and below the stifle

Answer 77

gaskin

Question 78

also known as the tarsus, large joint in the hind leg of a horse

Answer 78

hock

Question 79

ring of soft tissue, just above the hoof that blends into the skin of the leg of a horse

Answer 79

coronet

Question 80

foot of a horse

Answer 80

hoof