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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Lesson 1.1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Lesson 1.1: Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the form and structure of the animal body and the relationships among its parts

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

the study of how the body functions

A

Physiology

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3
Q

the study of cells and tissues that require a microscope to see

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

various sections that an animal’s body is divided into

A

Planes of Reference

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5
Q

Which planes divide the body into left and right halves but are not always equal?

A

Sagittal Planes

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6
Q

divides the animal down the center into equal left and right halves

A

Median Plane

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7
Q

What plane divides the body into 2 sections, one containing the head and the other the tail?

A

Transverse Plane

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8
Q

perpendicular to the Median Plane, divides the body into 2 parts containing the stomach and the back

A

Dorsal Plane

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9
Q

closer to the head

A

Cranial

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10
Q

closer to the back and spine

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

away from the middle or median plane

A

Lateral

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12
Q

towards the surface

A

Superficial

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13
Q

when a body part is closer to the main portion of the body

A

Proximal

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14
Q

when a body part is farther from the main portion of the body

A

Distal

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15
Q

the surface that touches the ground in back/lower limbs

A

Plantar

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16
Q

surface that touches the ground on the front/upper limbs

A

Palmer

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17
Q

the balance in the distribution of body parts

A

Symmetry

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18
Q

an organism’s left and right halves that are mirror images of each other

A

Bilateral Symmetry

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19
Q

axis of symmetry is around a central point

A

Radial Symmetry

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20
Q

contains the central nervous system and is subdivided into a cranial cavity and spinal cavity

A

Dorsal Body Cavity

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21
Q

formed from the bones of the skull and contains the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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22
Q

formed from the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

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23
Q

also subdivided into two compartments, the thorax and the abdomen

A

Ventral Body Cavity

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24
Q

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels

A

Thoracic Cavity

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25
Q

the thorax and the organs within the Thoracic Cavity, are all covered by a thin membrane called

A

Pleura

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26
Q

What is the thoracic cavity is sometimes called?

A

Pleura Cavity

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27
Q

the pleura that lines the organs

A

Visceral Layer

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28
Q

the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity as a whole

A

Parietal Layer

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29
Q

contains all the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems, as well as the stomach and intestinal tract

A

Abdominal Cavity

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30
Q

the abdominal cavity and the organs it contains are lined by a membrane called

A

Peritoneum

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31
Q

What is the abdominal cavity is sometimes called?

A

Peritoneal Cavity

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32
Q

the systematic classification and naming of organisms

A

Taxonomy

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33
Q

the major taxonomic categories, from largest to smallest:

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

34
Q

muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity

A

Diaphragm

35
Q

Mammals belong to several different ______ and are grouped together based largely on the presence of shared anatomical and physiological characteristics

A

orders

36
Q

Order Carnivora

A

meat eaters, such as dogs and cats

37
Q

Order Artiodactyla

A

the even-toed hoofed mammals, like pigs, cows, sheep, and goats (two hooves per limb)

38
Q

Order Perissodactyla

A

the odd-toed hoofed mammals, like horses (one hoof per limb)

39
Q

Order Rodentia

A

rodents, such as rats, mice, hamsters, and squirrels

40
Q

Order Lagomorpha

A

rabbits and hares

41
Q

structures within the body that are made up of different types of tissues working together

A

Organs

42
Q

helps bind the tissues within the organ together

A

Connective Tissue

43
Q

collections of organs and structures that cooperate to perform an essential function for the body as a whole

A

Organ Systems

44
Q

maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body

A

Homeostasis

45
Q

when the internal conditions can vary somewhat but only within the margins set by the body.

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

46
Q

closer to the tip of the nose

A

Rostral

47
Q

movement within GI system, moving away from the mouth

A

Aborad

48
Q

types of muscle tissues in the body

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

49
Q

4 general types of tissue found in the body

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

50
Q

closest to the ground

A

Ventral

51
Q

closer to the middle or Median Plane

A

Medial

52
Q

away from the surface, towards the center

A

Deep

53
Q

movement within GI system in the direction of the mouth

A

Orad

54
Q

What 5 areas does the head and neck of a horse include?

A

the muzzle, throatlatch, poll, mane, crest

55
Q

What is the body of a horse divided into what 3 parts??

A

head and neck, trunk, the 4 limbs

56
Q

What are the 3 parts of the muzzle of a horse?

A

chin, mouth, nostrils

57
Q

where the windpipe meets the head in a horse

A

throatlatch

58
Q

the beginning of the neck, immediately behind the ears of a horse

A

poll

59
Q

long, coarse hair growing from the dorsal ridge of a horse’s neck

A

mane

60
Q

upper portion of the neck where the mane grows on a horse

A

crest

61
Q

What 7 areas does the trunk of the horse include?

A

withers, barrel, back, loin, croup, dock, shoulders

62
Q

highest point of the thoracic vertebrae, just above the top of the shoulder blades, also where the height of a horse is measured

A

withers

63
Q

body of a horse enclosing the rib cage and other major internal organs

A

barrel

64
Q

area where the saddle sits, begins at the end of the withers and extending to the last thoracic vertebrae

A

back

65
Q

the area right behind the saddle, going to the last rib to the croup

A

loin

66
Q

the topline of the hindquarters, beginning at the hip and stopping at the dock of the tail of a horse

A

croup

67
Q

made up of scapula and associated muscles

A

shoulders

68
Q

What 12 structures are included in the limbs of a horse?

A

elbow, forearm, knee, chestnut, cannon, pastern, fetlock, stifle, gaskin, hock, coronet, hoof

69
Q

joint of the front leg at the point where the belly of the horse meets the leg

A

elbow

70
Q

also known as the antebrachium, the area of the front leg between the knee and the elbow, consists of the fused radius and ulna in a horse

A

forearm

71
Q

also known as the carpus, large joint in the front legs of a horse

A

knee

72
Q

callosity on the inside of each leg of a horse

A

chestnut

73
Q

metacarpal that lies between the knee and the fetlock joint of a horse

A

cannon

74
Q

connects the coronet and the fetlock, is made up of the middle and proximal phalanx

A

pastern

75
Q

also known as the ankle, joint distal to the knee on the front legs and the hocks on the back legs of a horse

A

fetlock

76
Q

articulation between the femur and the tibia and the articulation between the patella and the femur of a horse

A

stifle

77
Q

large muscle in the hind leg, just above the hock and below the stifle

A

gaskin

78
Q

also known as the tarsus, large joint in the hind leg of a horse

A

hock

79
Q

ring of soft tissue, just above the hoof that blends into the skin of the leg of a horse

A

coronet

80
Q

foot of a horse

A

hoof

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (7 decks)

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