2.3: Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue in the body?
Skeletal/striated, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
the most abundant muscle tissue in the body, also called striated muscle because under the microscope this muscle appears to have fine stripes crossing the muscle fibers at right angles
skeletal muscle
What are the 3 connective tissue layers associated with skeletal muscle?
epimysium, endomysium, perimysium
outer fibrous layer that covers entire skeletal muscles
epimysium
a thin connective tissue layer that covers individual skeletal muscle fibers
endomysium
binds together groups of skeletal muscle called fascicles
perimysium
fibrous bands of connective tissue
Tendons
muscles always move body parts by
pulling, never by pushing.
the group of muscles that directly produces a desired movement
agonist
the group of muscles that directly opposes the action of an agonist
antagonist
contracts at the same time as an agonist and therefore helps to carry out the action desired by the agonist
synergist muscle
help to stabilize joints, allowing other movements to happen
Fixator muscles
used to support the head, allow for chewing, control facial expressions and move the ears and eyes as needed
head and neck muscles
What are the 5 most important muscles of the head and neck?
Masseter muscle, splenius muscle, trapezius muscle, sternocephalicus muscle, brachiocephalicus muscle
Used for chewing
Masseter muscle
Raises the head and neck
Splenius muscle
Raises the head and neck
Trapezius muscle
Raises the head and neck
Brachiocephalicus muscle
Lowers the head and neck
Sternocephalicus muscle
What are the 4 most important muscles of the abdomen?
External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominus, transverse abdominis
support the abdominal organs, arch the back, and aid in respiration, vomiting (regurgitation), and the elimination of urine and feces, in females, help to expel the fetus at birth.
abdominal skeletal muscles
used along with pelvic limbs, for locomotion
thoracic limb
What are the most important muscles of the thoracic limb?
Latissimus dorsi, pectoral muscle, deltoid muscle, biceps brachii, triceps brachii
Flexes the shoulder and moves an animal forward
Latissimus dorsi
superficial and deep, moves the leg inward, or adducts the leg
Pectoral muscle
Moves the leg outward, or abducts
Deltoid muscle
Flexes the elbow, extends the shoulder
Biceps brachii
Extends the elbow
Triceps brachii
also used for locomotion
pelvic limb
What are the 6 most important muscles of the pelvic limb?
Gluteal muscle, biceps femoris, semimembranosus muscle, semitendinosus muscle, quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius muscle
Extends and abducts the hip joint (moves the leg backward), thereby moving an animal forward
Gluteal muscle
Extends the hip joint, stifle joint, and tarsal joint
Biceps femoris
Extends the hip joint, flexes the stifle joint, and extends the tarsal joint
Semimembranosus muscle
Extends the hip joint
Semitendinosus muscle
Extends the stifle joint
Quadriceps femoris
Extends the tarsal joint and flexes the digits
Gastrocnemius muscle
thick in diameter and use stores of glycogen to sustain muscle contraction
White muscle fibers
thinner and have a rich supply of blood, fat, myoglobin, and mitochondria, predominates in birds that fly long distances, such as water birds and hawks
Red muscle fibers
