2.3: Muscular System

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue in the body?

Answer 1

Skeletal/striated, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

Question 2

the most abundant muscle tissue in the body, also called striated muscle because under the microscope this muscle appears to have fine stripes crossing the muscle fibers at right angles

Answer 2

skeletal muscle

Question 3

What are the 3 connective tissue layers associated with skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

epimysium, endomysium, perimysium

Question 4

outer fibrous layer that covers entire skeletal muscles

Answer 4

epimysium

Question 5

a thin connective tissue layer that covers individual skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 5

endomysium

Question 6

binds together groups of skeletal muscle called fascicles

Answer 6

perimysium

Question 7

fibrous bands of connective tissue

Answer 7

Tendons

Question 8

muscles always move body parts by

Answer 8

pulling, never by pushing.

Question 9

the group of muscles that directly produces a desired movement

Answer 9

agonist

Question 10

the group of muscles that directly opposes the action of an agonist

Answer 10

antagonist

Question 11

contracts at the same time as an agonist and therefore helps to carry out the action desired by the agonist

Answer 11

synergist muscle

Question 12

help to stabilize joints, allowing other movements to happen

Answer 12

Fixator muscles

Question 13

used to support the head, allow for chewing, control facial expressions and move the ears and eyes as needed

Answer 13

head and neck muscles

Question 14

What are the 5 most important muscles of the head and neck?

Answer 14

Masseter muscle, splenius muscle, trapezius muscle, sternocephalicus muscle, brachiocephalicus muscle

Question 15

Used for chewing

Answer 15

Masseter muscle

Question 16

Raises the head and neck

Answer 16

Splenius muscle

Question 17

Raises the head and neck

Answer 17

Trapezius muscle

Question 18

Raises the head and neck

Answer 18

Brachiocephalicus muscle

Question 19

Lowers the head and neck

Answer 19

Sternocephalicus muscle

Question 20

What are the 4 most important muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 20

External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominus, transverse abdominis

Question 21

support the abdominal organs, arch the back, and aid in respiration, vomiting (regurgitation), and the elimination of urine and feces, in females, help to expel the fetus at birth.

Answer 21

abdominal skeletal muscles

Question 22

used along with pelvic limbs, for locomotion

Answer 22

thoracic limb

Question 23

What are the most important muscles of the thoracic limb?

Answer 23

Latissimus dorsi, pectoral muscle, deltoid muscle, biceps brachii, triceps brachii

Question 24

Flexes the shoulder and moves an animal forward

Answer 24

Latissimus dorsi

Question 25

superficial and deep, moves the leg inward, or adducts the leg

Answer 25

Pectoral muscle

Question 26

Moves the leg outward, or abducts

Answer 26

Deltoid muscle

Question 27

Flexes the elbow, extends the shoulder

Answer 27

Biceps brachii

Question 28

Extends the elbow

Answer 28

Triceps brachii

Question 29

also used for locomotion

Answer 29

pelvic limb

Question 30

What are the 6 most important muscles of the pelvic limb?

Answer 30

Gluteal muscle, biceps femoris, semimembranosus muscle, semitendinosus muscle, quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius muscle

Question 31

Extends and abducts the hip joint (moves the leg backward), thereby moving an animal forward

Answer 31

Gluteal muscle

Question 32

Extends the hip joint, stifle joint, and tarsal joint

Answer 32

Biceps femoris

Question 33

Extends the hip joint, flexes the stifle joint, and extends the tarsal joint

Answer 33

Semimembranosus muscle

Question 34

Extends the hip joint

Answer 34

Semitendinosus muscle

Question 35

Extends the stifle joint

Answer 35

Quadriceps femoris

Question 36

Extends the tarsal joint and flexes the digits

Answer 36

Gastrocnemius muscle

Question 37

thick in diameter and use stores of glycogen to sustain muscle contraction

Answer 37

White muscle fibers

Question 38

thinner and have a rich supply of blood, fat, myoglobin, and mitochondria, predominates in birds that fly long distances, such as water birds and hawks

Answer 38

Red muscle fibers