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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > 2.2: Skeletal & Muscular Systems > Flashcards

2.2: Skeletal & Muscular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

processes that deal with the buildup or breakdown of living cells for the purposes of providing energy and facilitating growth

A

Metabolic functions

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2
Q

cavity in the middle of the bone where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

What’s are examples of long bones?

A

bones in the legs and arms

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4
Q

What’s an example of flat bones?

A

bones in the pelvis

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5
Q

What 2 forms can bones exist in?

A

cancellous bone, compact bone

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6
Q

also called spongy bone, is a somewhat irregularly arranged group of bony material plates called trabeculae found in the bone marrow cavity

A

Cancellous bone

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7
Q

more highly structured series of bone layers found in the outer portions of the bone, composed of a series of tube-like structures arranged so that the tube shafts are parallel to the bone shaft.

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of cells are present in bone?

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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9
Q

responsible for secreting the material that forms bone

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

actually destructive, dissolving bone around them when needed

A

Osteoclasts

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11
Q

As osteoblasts age, they become this, the primary cells of mature bone

A

Osteocytes

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12
Q

What 2 ways do bones develop?

A

Intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

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13
Q

What are the 4 basic shapes of bone?

A

long, short, flat, and irregular

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14
Q

bones that are longer than they are wide

A

Long bones

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15
Q

cube-shaped bones

A

Short bones

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16
Q

thin and flat with cancellous bone between two thin plates of compact bone.

A

Flat bones

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17
Q

are simply those whose shapes don’t fit any of the previous categories or have characteristics of more than one of the shape categories

A

Irregular bones

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18
Q

a surface that forms a joint and contacts or articulates with another bone

A

Articular surface

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19
Q

a rounded end of a bone that articulates with another bone, found on the humerus, femur, and occipital bone of the skull

A

Condyle

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20
Q

refers to the rounded articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone, attached to the main part of the bone by the neck, found on the humerus, femur, and ribs.

A

Head of a bone

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21
Q

Flat articular surfaces

A

Facets

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22
Q

the various projections and bumps found on bones

A

Processes

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23
Q

a natural opening or passageway through a bone

A

Foramen

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24
Q

a concave depression in a bone. Muscles are usually found in these areas

A

Fossa

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25
Q

the body’s central framework along its long axis and includes the bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

A

Axial skeleton

26
Q

consists of the bones of the limbs, shoulders, and pelvis

A

Appendicular skeleton

27
Q

made up of small bones within soft tissue that don’t connect directly to other bones

A

Visceral skeleton,

28
Q

What bones does the axial skeleton include?

A

Skull, hyoid bone, spine, ribs, sternum

29
Q

bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect bones at joints, and tendons are bands of similar material that attach muscles to bones.

A

Ligaments

30
Q

a collection of flat bones (as opposed to long bones) that are fused or hinged together to form a solid mass of bone

A

Skull

31
Q

The skull bone performs what 3 functions?

A

Protects the brain, forms the nasal passages and eye sockets, creates jawbones for biting and chewing

32
Q

What 3 areas is the skull organized into?

A

The cranial cavity where the brain is located, the facial bones which make up the nose, jaw, and eye sockets, the ear bones

33
Q

single unpaired bone of the caudal skull that has a large opening called the foramen magnum

A

The occipital bone

34
Q

a structure made of cartilage and bone that lies along the median plane in the nasal cavity and divides the left and right nasal passages from each other

A

Nasal septum

35
Q

forms the bony roof of the nasal cavitys

A

Nasal bone

36
Q

forms the medial surface of the eye socket

A

Lacrimal bone

37
Q

forms the upper jawbone and most of the hard palate, which is the bony roof of the mouth

A

Maxilla

38
Q

the lower jaw, which is formed by two halves that come together centrally at the front of the face

A

Mandible

39
Q

What are the 2 main regions of the the jaw?

A

shaft, ramus

40
Q

the horizontal portion of the mandible where the teeth are located

A

Shaft

41
Q

the vertical part of the mandible that articulates with the skull.

A

Ramus

42
Q

a structure made of bone and cartilage that forms a sling to support the larynx, pharynx, and tongue, assists in the processes of swallowing.

A

Hyoid bone

43
Q

consists of a series of bony vertebrae that extend along the long axis of the body from the skull to the end of the tail, the vertebrae act as a central support for the body and protect the spinal cord.

A

Spine

44
Q

The hole formed by the body and the arch

A

Vertebral foramen.

45
Q

What 5 regions can the spine be divided into?

A

Cervical (neck) vertebrae, thoracic (chest) vertebrae, lumbar (lower-back) vertebrae, sacral (pelvic-area) vertebrae, coccygeal (tail) vertebrae

46
Q

associated with the thoracic vertebrae and form a protective cage around the heart and lungs

A

Ribs

47
Q

a series of bones that lie medially on the ventral surface of the thorax

A

Sternum

48
Q

a girdle of bones that attaches the spine to the pelvic limbs, similar to the way in which the scapula attaches the thoracic limbs to the body

A

Pelvis

49
Q

largest bone in the pelvis

A

Ilium

50
Q

thighbone

A

Femur

51
Q

kneecap

A

Patella

52
Q

also known as articulations, are found where two or more bones meet

A

Joints

53
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

54
Q

known anatomically as synarthroses, are found in the skulls and in the splint bones of horses, these joints are immovable because they’re united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

55
Q

known anatomically as amphiarthroses and are somewhat movable, move in a rocking-type motion only, are found in the vertebrae, pelvis, and mandible

A

Cartilaginous joints

56
Q

known anatomically as diarthroses and are freely movable joints

A

Synovial joints

57
Q

oxygen and nutrients are primarily supplied to the hyaline cartilage on the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint by

A

Synovial fluid

58
Q

movement at a joint that brings a limb away from the midline

A

Abduction

59
Q

movement at a joint that brings the long bones on either side of the joint closer together

A

Flexion

60
Q

Digits that don’t bear weight

A

Dewclaws

61
Q

What region do the 3 bones of the pelvis fuse together, which articulates with the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (7 decks)

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