LESSON 1 Flashcards
has been an integral activity in all societies up to the present.
Planning
are an important part of all civilizations: generally, cultures find their highest expressions in this
Cities
the basic scheme for the city’s form quite widespread in ancient cultures
Mandala
• Reflected the mystical-religious aspect of planning
• Symbolized the sacred order of the universe as each culture conceived it.
FORMS OF PLANNED ANCIENT CITIES
•four crossed main streets symbolizing a world divided into four quarters and centered on this place
mandala of Roman City
Example of regulations in Rome
- limiting the height of buildings
- limiting goods traffic to night
one of the most important Greek city-states, gained pre-eminence among many Greek city-states circa 700-404 BC;
Athens
Good life was based on celebration of excess and domination, human debasement and militaristic cruelty
Ancient Rome
Continuous process which involves decisions and choices about alternative resources with the aim of achieving particular goals at some time in the future
Planning
Follows steps; ubiquitous; ends with evaluation
Planning as an activity
We have inputs to achieve outcome (quantifiable); outcomes are qualitative; inputs are quantitative
Planning as a process
Science of human settlements; putting into practice
Ekistics; Planning as a discipline
Happiest City in the World (creating identity through visuals)
Helsinki, Finland
Agricutural surplus and social stratification created their conditions necessary for cities to form and be maintained
Five Hearts of Urbanization
Development is uneven across the world
Before Urbanization (Ancient Civilization)
• In here there’s a construction of warrior-king city-kingdoms (Iraq-Mesopotamia);
• Also called as fertile Crescent
• Population ranged from 3-5k
Cradel of Civilization
This country has no boundaries
And there is an Interrelationship between urbanization and irrigation
Egypt
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro; most of them are based on astrology for the construction of their settlements
Indus River Valley (Indus Civilization)
Causes flood because of the dam
Ancient cities were planned to center on a vertical structure with an inner wall around it for the leadership class
China along Huang He and Wei River Valleys
Where theocratic centers (religious activities) = church, arises
Mesoamerica (Mayan and Aztec Civilization)
Deliberate forethought, an anticipative design
Hunting of food
Distinguishes humans from other primates
Planners as Maker of Tools
- Identifies with magic in the depiction of the desired actions and outcome
- Social organization and religion
- Mistification (ignorance to control the people)
Planners as priests
Adviser to Pharaoh Zoser
Invented the pyramid and writing and joining the Egyptian pantheon as a God
Imhotep
Astronomical calendar which combined ritual aspects with observational functions
Stonehenge
Civilization where observations and temple complexes performed the same function as stonehenge (upward)
Maya Civilization (Central America)
“Security and policy officer”
Planner as administrator
Prototype of the planned-administrator (seven lean years and seven fat years) = storage of surplus for famine (Challenge: temptation and tribulations)
Joseph
Dream catcher (basic scheme for the city’s form); iconic symbol related to their culture with a touch of mystification
Mandala
Hawa Mahal
Example of Mandala of Roman City
Means market
Agora
Means temple
Acropolis
A buiding structure for social interaction
Forum (Golden Nuggets)
Large scale irrigation systems and the use of hydraulics were the prime mover behind urbanization
The agricultural revolution
Strong government- backed with military
Ruling Elite
Farmers
Hydraulic Civilization Theory
Who is associated with the Hydraulic Civilization Theory
Karl Wittfogel
Religious model structures
Burial
Religious leaders
They develop writing system that were permanent (Rosetta Stone)
Religious Model
Cities of dead
Necropolis
“Intergenerational Equity - sustainable development”
Aristotle
