Lektion 5 - Respiratory and circulatory systems Flashcards
What is cellular/internal respiration?
The process of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.
What is external respiration?
Process that transports gases between the outside world and the cells
- Ventilation
- Circulatory system
- Internal fluid movements
- Tranchea
What does the conducting zone consist of?
- Nasal cavity
- Oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
What does the respiratory zone consist of?
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
What are the functions of the conductin zone?
- Conduct air
- Warm air up
- Humidify air
- Remove patogens
Where does the gas exchange occur in humans?
In the alveoli
Is inhalation active or passive? How does inhalation occur?
Inhalation is active because it is the contraction of the diaphragm.
Is exhalation active or passive? How does exhalation occur?
Exhalation is passive, it happens by the relaxation of the diaphragm
How is oxygen carried and transported in vertebrates?
By hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
One hemoglobin protein can carry up to four molecules of O2
What drives gas diffusion?
The differences in partial pressure of CO2 and O2.
How is CO2 transported in the blood?
It is transported as a gas that due to a low pH binds to haemoglobin. The CO2 is then transported to the lungs.
What drives the unloading of O2 from heamoglobin?
O2 is unloaded from Haemoglobin until the partial pressure in the tissue and blood are equilibrated
How is the bodys pH controlled?
Through breathing.
Two of the products produced by the food we eat are CO2 and H+ (produced by cells)
The CO2 is breathed out and the H+ is excreted in urine primarily as ammonia
How does gills work?
Gills use a conutercurrent exchange system. Blood flows in the opposite direction to water passing over the gills. The blood is always less saturated with O2 than the water it meets.
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport of:
- O2
- CO2
- Nutrients
- Ions to keep ionic balance
- Waste products
- Immune cells
- Endocrine signaling molecules
- Heat (temp regulation)
What are the three types of circulation?
- No circulation
- Open circulation
- Closed circulation
What are the properties for no circulation?
- Rely on diffusion
- Only in thin and/or small animals
- Can be facilitated by animal movements
Properties for open circulation?
- Vessels only from and to the heart
- Vessels empty in body cavities
Properties of closed circulation?
- Complete vessels including capilaries
- Organized transport
- All large animals
How does the nematode C. elegans circulatory system work?
- It lacks circulation so movement circulate the fluid instead.
- O2 is transported by diffusion
- Does not have a circulatory system.
What type of circulatory system does arthropods have?
- They have an open circulatory system
- Insects can have multiple hearts which helps
- They have a separate gas transport (trachea)
Function of veins?
Delivering fluid to the heart
Function of artery?
Delivering fluid away from the heart
What type of heart does fish have?
- They have a two chamber heart
