Legislation Flashcards

1
Q

What does IRR stand for?

A

Ionising
Radiation
Regulations

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2
Q

What does IRMER stand for?

A

Ionising
Radiations
Medical
Exposure
Regulations

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3
Q

What are the general principles for radiation safety?
(3)

A

Justification

Optimisation

Limitation

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4
Q

What are the duties of the employer under the Health and Safety At Work Act?
(2)

A

Provide a safe workplace

Provide training and information

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5
Q

What are the duties of the employees under the Health and Safety At Work Act?
(3)

A

Take care of themselves

Report any hazards or risks to their employer

Co operate with the employer on health and safety

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6
Q

What is the international stance on radiation?
(3)

A

Justification

Optimisation

Limitation

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7
Q

Why are patients exempt from following IRR?

A

Because they follow IRMER

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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of radiation exposure?

A

Notification

Registration

Consent

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9
Q

What are the features of the notification stage of radiation exposure?

A

It’s low risk, so notify the HSC

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10
Q

What are the features of the registration stage of radiation exposure?
(3)

A

Medium risk

It’s x-ray sources

It’s what most uses of radiation fall under

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11
Q

What are the features of the consent stage of radiation exposure?
(4)

A

High risk

It’s where the most things can go wrong

Nuclear medicine and radiotherapy

E.g. injecting radioactive material into people

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12
Q

When are radiation risk assessments done?
(2)

A

Before new work

Before significant changes to current procedures, e.g. new procedures or techniques

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13
Q

When are radiation risk assessments done?
(2)

A

Before new work

Before significant changes to current procedures, e.g. new procedures or techniques

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14
Q

What should radiation risk assessments include?
(7)

A

Identification of the hazards

Sources of contamination

Estimation of the doses involved

Engineering control features

Planned systems of work (how staff will be working in the area)

Accident situations

Methods of risk reduction

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15
Q

What are the steps of a risk assessment?
(5)

A

Identify the hazard

Decide who might be harmed and how

Evaluate the risk and decide the precautions

Record your findings and implement them

Review and update if necessary

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16
Q

When does an employer not have to write down their risk assessments?

A

If they have less than 4 employees

17
Q

What is the hierarchy of control?
(5)

A

Elimination- don’t work with radiation if you don’t need to

Substitution- substitute x-rays to something else, e.g. MRI, ultrasound

Engineering controls- physical, mechanical things to reduce risk, e.g. lead screen. Put as many as needed for that specific procedure

Administrative controls- instructions and procedures that people are expected to follow but might forget

PPE- e.g. lead aprons

18
Q

What are the 2 types of area designation?

A

Controlled area

Supervised area

19
Q

What are controlled areas?

A

Areas where special procedures have to be followed, otherwise the dose is likely to exceed

20
Q

What are supervised areas?

A

The dose received is likely to be more than 1mSv in a year, or the area is kept under review to make sure that it doesn’t become controlled

21
Q

“Designated areas need to be … so people know”

22
Q

When do the DO NOT ENTER and X-RAYS ON signs tend to be on?

A

When the x-rays are currently on and exposing

23
Q

When do controlled area x-rays have radiation?

A

Always- so we have to be careful when entering the room

24
Q

What are outside workers?

A

Any individual entering into a controlled area to work with radiation on behalf of another employer

25
What are examples of outside workers? (3)
Prison workers Carers Guards
26
Why do we have personal dosimetry?
To ensure that dose limits aren’t exceeded. It protects the individual and the employer
27
Why do we need dose alerts and investigations?
To ensure that no one is exceeding a dose or constraint
28
Who initiates dose investigations?
RPS
29
What must pregnant staff working with radiation do? (3)
Inform their employer in writing There’s a dose limit of 1 mSv to the foetus They may require a review of local risk assessment and adjustment of working practices
30
What must classified staff be? (3)
Over 18 Fit to work before they’re classified, then annually after that Monitored by an approved dosimetry service
31
What are the duties of employees working with radiation? (7)
Not knowingly overexpose themselves or others Report incidents Make full use of PPE Care for and return PPE Wear and return PPE Wear and return personal dosimeters If they become pregnant, inform their employer(s) in writing
32
What are the duties of the employers? (3)
Provide adequate resources Co operate when working with ionising radiation When necessary, transfer responsibility of a controlled area to another employer
33
What does RPA stand for?
Radiation Protection Adviser
34
What does the RPA do? (4)
Provide advice on compliance with legislation Do checks of engineering controls Plan installations Calibration of equipment
35
What do radiation protection supervisors do?
They make sure that local rules are adhered to and they govern the controlled area, e.g. that staff training is up to date
36
What do equipment installers do?
They perform a critical exam on the safety features of new equipment by checking all engineering controls