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Theory of Radiographic Practice > Hand Injuries > Flashcards

Hand Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What do the metacarpals do?

A

They’re the 5 bones for movement

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2
Q

What do the phalanges do?

A

They’re the 14 bones for fine motor movement

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3
Q

How many phalanges do we have?

A

14

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4
Q

How many metacarpals do we have?

A

5

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5
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

They hold bones/joints together

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6
Q

What do tendons do?

A

They attach muscles to bones

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7
Q

What do bony injuries include?
(4)

A

Fracture

Dislocation

Crush

Amputation

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8
Q

What do soft tissue injuries involve?
(3)

A

Ligaments

Tendons

De-glove injury

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of injury to the hand, fingers and thumb?

A

Bony injury

Soft tissue injury

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10
Q

What are the types of acute injuries?
(3)

A

Fractures/breaks

Dislocations

Soft tissue injuries

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11
Q

What can fractures/breaks be?
(3)

A

Avulsion fracture

Crush injuries

Amputation

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12
Q

What can dislocations be?
(2)

A

Partial

Complete

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13
Q

What can soft tissue injuries be?
(3)

A

Injury to ligaments

Injury to tendons

Foreign bodies, such as glass or stone

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14
Q

What are the types of bone fractures?
(9)

A

Open

Closed

Transverse

Sigmental

Green stick

Spiral

Linear

Comminuted

Impacted

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15
Q

What is a fracture?

A

A partial or complete break in a bone, e.g. due to acute trauma, twisting, trapping/crush

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16
Q

What are the standard x-ray projections for a fracture?
(3)

A

Dorsi-palmar (DP)

Oblique

Lateral view

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17
Q

What are common ways that people get acute hand injuries?
(3)

A

Punch injury

Trapped in car door

Sports injuries

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18
Q

Which bone can be affected by trapping your hand in a car door?

A

Distal phalanx

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19
Q

Which bones can be affected by sports injuries?
(3)

A

Hyper extension of the thumb

Dislocated 1st metacarpal or phalanx

Hyper extension of the fingers or phalanx

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20
Q

What are dislocations?

A

The separation of 2 bones at a joint where they normally meet

21
Q

What is the most common way that people dislocate their hand?

A

Punch injury

22
Q

What projection views should be done for a hand dislocation?
(3)

A

DP

Oblique

Lateral

23
Q

Why is a lateral hand view done for a dislocation?

A

For degree of volar angulation

24
Q

What does volar angulation mean?

A

Towards the palm

25
Q

What are the stages of treatment for a hand dislocation?
(5)

A

Initial x-ray request to review the extent of injury

Theatre (during manipulation)

Post manipulation x-ray for the surgeon to check for position and to visualise any fractures

Immobilisation, e.g. cast, splint

Follow-up imaging via fracture clinic

26
Q

What are the soft tissue injuries that you can get in the fingers?
(2)

A

Volar plate injuries

Tendon disruption

27
Q

What is a volar plate?

A

A small piece of ligament

28
Q

What does the volar plate do?

A

It helps to structure the proximal and distal phalanx joints

29
Q

What’s an example of tendon disruption?
What does it do?

A

Mallet finger deformity

Inability to extend the distal phalanx Hyper extension

30
Q

What are examples of injuries we can get in the thumb?
(2)

A

Ligament injuries

Fractures

Dislocations

31
Q

What are examples of ligament injuries in the thumb?
(2)

A

Sprained thumb

Skiers thumb

32
Q

What are examples of fractures that could happen in the thumb?

A

Bennett or Rolando

33
Q

What does a thumb fracture look like?

A

The small fractured fragment remains in tact with the trapezium

34
Q

What are examples of reasons for non-acute injury hand x-ray requests?
(5)

A

To check for:
Bone age

Rheumatoid arthritis

Tumours

Marfans

Suspected physical abuse (SPA)

35
Q

What does bone age mean?

A

Determining the skeletal age

36
Q

Why is it important for x-rays to determine bone age?

A

Those images are compared to a standard atlas of bone development

37
Q

What are the features of x-raying a hand to reveal the bone age?
(4)

A

DP hand projection

Non-dominant hand

Wrist, 3rd metacarpal and 3rd finger aligned

No lateral requires

38
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

A chronic long term condition where there’s pain, stiffness and swelling in the joints

39
Q

What can rheumatoid arthritis cause?
(3)

A

The lining of the joint to become inflamed

Damage to joint tissue

Deformity

40
Q

Where can rheumatoid arthritis happen?
(3)

A

Hands

Wrist

Feet

41
Q

What projections are done when x-raying for rheumatoid arthritis?
(2)

A

DP

Oblique

42
Q

What are examples of bone tumours in the hand?
(3)

A

Osteoid osteoma

Enchondromas

Ganglion cysts

43
Q

What is marfans syndrome?

A

When someone has long metacarpals (spider fingers)

44
Q

What x-ray projection can be done on a hand with marfans syndrome?

A

DP

45
Q

Why would a hand x-ray be done if there’s suspected child abuse?
(3)

A

To check for evidence of child abuse

To check the hand and wrist bone ossification

A fracture is highly indicative of abuse

46
Q

What type of body part does CT reveal?

A

More detailed bony anatomy

47
Q

What type of body part does MRI reveal?

A

Soft tissue

48
Q

What type of body part does ultrasound reveal?

A

Joint effusions (fluid/swelling within the joint)

Theory of Radiographic Practice (10 decks)

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