Leg & Foot Powerpoints Flashcards
Other than connecting the tibia and the fibula, what does the interosseous membrane do?
Holds bones in proper orientation
Where is the facet on the tibia for the head of the fibula?
Inferior lateral tibial condyle
Where are the facets on the tibia for the fibula and talus?
Distal tibia
What are the functions of the fibula?
Stability of the ankle by holding the talus in its joint with the lateral malleolus
- Provide attachment site for muscles
- Some support by enabling the tibia to withstand twisting forces
Where is the malleolar fossa located?
Posteroinferior to taller facet on fibula
What is the most common nerve injury?
Common fibular nerve, it travels around the neck of the fibula
How many tarsal bones are there? metatarsals? phalanges?
7; 5; 14
What is the susentaculum tali groove for?
The tendon of flexor hallucis
When the lateral tubercle of the talus does not fuse with the rest of the talus, it is given this name.
Os trigonum
What type of synovial joint is the ankle?
Hinge
What acts as anatomical pulleys to increase the moment arm of the flexor hallucis braves muscle?
The medial and lateral sesamoid bones
What type of synovial joint is the knee?
Hinge
What type of cartilage are the femoral condyles covered with?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the gap in-between the condyles called?
Intercondylar notch
What border of the patella serves as the insertion for vastus lateralis? VM? Patellar lig? Rectus femurs and VI?
Lateral; Medial; Inferior; Superior
True or false:
The base of the patella is inferior to the apex
False; the apex is inferior to the base
What shape is the medial condyle of the tibia? The medial meniscus?
Oval; C-shaped
Longer anterior-posteriorly
What shape is the lateral condyle of the tibia? The lateral meniscus?
Nearly circular; O-shaped
- note, the attachment sites in the lateral meniscus are closer than the medial meniscus so this creates limited amount of movement in this area
What is the ridge between the tibial condyles called?
Intercondylar eminence
What does the intercondylar eminence prevent?
Side to side displacement of the femur on the tibia
What attaches to the posterior groove of the medial epicondyle of the tibia?
Insertion of semimembranosus muscle
What type of joint is the tibio-fibular joint?
Planar or arthrodial joint
When is the knee capable of the most rotation?
Knee flexion
When the knee locks in closed chain, the femur rotates (internally/ externally).
Internally
To unlock the knee, the femur must (internally/externally) rotate in closed chain or the tibia must (internally/externally) rotate in open chain.
Externally; internally
The inferior portion of the knee joint capsule is prolonged inferior laterally over the popliteus muscle to the head of the fibula forming the _________ ligament
Arcuate popliteal
What are the intrinsic ligaments that are external and strengthen and supplement the joint capsule of the knee?
- Patellar lig
- LCL
- MCL
- Oblique popliteal lig
- Arcuate popliteal lig
What lies between the patella ligament and proximal tibial so that the two structures can move freely without pain and also helps with flexion into extension?
Deep infrapatellar bursa
About how long is the LCL? MCL?
5 cm; 8-9 cm
What part of the LCL is considered to be part of the fibrous joint capsule of the knee?
Superiorly
LCL inferiorly separates by fatty tissue and splits the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle
Why are injuries to the MCL frequently associated with injury to the medial meniscus and ACL?
The MCL attaches to the meniscus; stress on the MCL puts stress on medial meniscus from collateral blows
What is clinically significant during post-MCL sprain recovery?
Bursa in MCL
When are anterior fibers of the knee stressed? Posterior fibers?
Knee flexion; knee extension
What ligament is an extension of semimembranosus tendon, travels superolaterally to insert into central part of capsule, and strengthens posterior capsule?
Oblique popliteal ligament
True or False;
The synovial cavity of the knee is the largest one in the body and is due to the capsule reflecting around the cruciate ligaments.
True
What bursa is an extension of the synovial capsule, between the femur and quadriceps tendon, and held in place by articulates genu muscle (pulls bursa superiorly to keep from getting damaged)?
Suprapatellar bursa
What bursa lies between the tendon of the popliteus muscle and the lateral condyle of the tibia?
Popliteus bursa
What bursa is an extension of the synovial capsule, and separates the tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle from the femur?
Gastrocnemius bursa
What bursa separates the semimebranous m. from the tendon of gastroc m., and is the location of the popliteal or Baker’s cysts?
Semimembranosus bursa
What bursa of the knee does not communicate with the synovial cavity, and separates the common common tendon of sartorial, semitendinosus, and gracilis from the proximal part of the medial tibial and MCL?
Anserine bursa
What bursa is commonly affected by bursitis due to chronic weight bearing constant on the knees without knee pads
Subcutaneous pre patellar bursa
What bursa allows skin to move over tibial tuberosity and withstands pressure during kneeling?
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
When is the ACL taut?
Extension
When is PCL taut?
Flexion
Is the ACL or PCL stronger?
PCL
What supplies blood to the menisci?
Genicular branches of the popliteal artery
Is the lateral or medial meniscus more mobile?
Lateral; medial meniscus is attached to MCL
What nerves supply the knee joint?
Obturator, Femoral, Tibial, Common Fibular
What makes up the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa? Superolateral? Inferomedial? Inferolatera?
Semitendionsus m. and tendon; Biceps femoris m.; Medial head of gastroc m.; Lateral head of gastroc m.
What does the superficial popliteal fascia contain?
- Small saphenous vein
- Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
- Medial sural n.
- Lateral sural n.
What makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?
- Popliteal surface of femur
- Fascia of popliteus m.
- Oblique popliteal lig.
What does the popliteal fossa contain?
- Popliteal artery
- Popliteal vein
- Branches off the sciatic nerve
What vein starts medially in the ankle, moves a bit posterior as it travels up the thigh and ends in the femoral triangle?
Great saphenous v.
What vein starts posterior to the lateral malleolus travels laterally and posteriorly up the leg, dives deep in the popliteal fossa, and drains into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous v.
