Leg, Ankle, and Foot Flashcards
Tibialis anterior
O: Lateral surface of tibia (upper two thirds) and interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
A: Ankle dorsiflexion and foot inversion
In: Deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
Extensor digitorum longus
O: Head and medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, and interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges II-V
A: Ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion, and extension of inter-phalangeal (IP) and metatarso-phalangeal (MTP) joint 2-5
In: Deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
Extensor hallucis longus
O: Middle third of medial surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
A: Ankle dorsiflexion, and foot inversion or eversion depending of the initial position
Extension of IP and MTP of hallux
In: Deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of the lateral face of the fibula, and intermuscular septa
I: Base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (plantar side)
A: Ankle plantar flexion and foot eversion
Supports the transvers arch of the foot
In: Superficial fibular n. (L5, S1)
Fibularis brevis
O: Distal half of the lateral surface of the fibula, and intermuscular septa
I: Tuberosity at the base of the 5th metatarsal
A: Ankle plantar flexion and foot eversion
In: Superficial fibular n. (L5, S1)
Gastrocnemius
O:
Lateral: Upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Medial: Posterior surface of medial femoral condyle
I: Calcaneal tuberositiy via the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon
A: Ankle plantar flexion when knee is extended and knee flexion
Explosive movement
In: Tibial n. (S1, S2)
Soleus
O: Posterior surface of the head of fibula and soleal line of tibia
I: Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon
A: Ankle plantar flexion
Mainly for posture
In: Tibial n. (S1, S2)
Plantaris
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
I: Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles tendon
A: Very weak plantarflexor and knee flexor
In: Tibial n. (S1, S2)
Tibialis posterior
O: Interosseous membrane, and adjacent borders of tibia and fibula
I: Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, and bases of metatarsal bones 2-4
A: Ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
Supports medial longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
In: Tibial n. (L4, L5)
Flexor digitorum longus
O: Middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia
I: Bases of the distal phalanges 2-5
A: Flexion of MTP and IP joint II-V
Ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
In: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
Flexor hallucis longus
O: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg (and fascia of tibialis posterior muscle)
I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
A: Ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
Flexion of MTP and IP joint 1
In: Tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3?)
Popliteus
O: Lateral femoral condyle and posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
I: Posterior surface of tibia proximal to soleal line
A: Flexes and unlocks the knee by externally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia
In: Tibial n. (L4-S1)
