Hip & Pelvis

Question 1

Iliacus

Answer 1

O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Hip flexion and external rotation
In: Femoral n. (L2-L3)

Question 2

Psoas major

Answer 2

O: Vertebral bodies T12-L5 and intervertebral discs
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Hip flexion and external rotation;
Lumbar lateral flexion (unilateral), flexes the trunk to raise in supine (bilateral)
In: Anterior rami of lumbar plexus (L1-L3)

Question 3

Pectineus

Answer 3

O: Pectineal line of the pubis (Superior pubic ramus)
I: Pectineal line of the femur
A: Hip adduction, external rotation and slight flexion
In: Femoral (predominately) (L2,L3) and obturator nn. (L3,L4)

Question 4

Gluteus maximus

Answer 4

Origin: Sacrum via thoracolumbar fascia, Posterior surface of ilium and Sacrotuberous ligament
I:
- Upper fibers: iliotibial tract on Gerdy’s tubercle (tibia)
- Lower fibers: gluteal tuberosity (femur)
A: Hip Extension, external rotation
- Upper fibers: abduction
- Lower fibers: adduction
In: Inferior gluteal n. (L5-S2)

Question 5

Gluteus medius

Answer 5

O: Posterior surface of ilium (btw the ant. and post. gluteal line)
I: Greater trochanter (lateral surface)
A: Abduction and stabilise the pelvis (coronal)
- Anterior fibers: flexion, internal rotation
- Posterior fibers: extension, external rotation
In: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

Question 6

Gluteus minimus

Answer 6

O: Posterior surface of ilium (btw the ant. and inferior gluteal line)
I: Greater trochanter (anterolateral)
A: Abduction
- Anterior fibers: flexion, internal rotation
- Posterior fibers: extension, external rotation
In: Superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)

Question 7

Piriformis

Answer 7

O: Anterior surface of the Sacrum (btw S2-S4)
I: Greater trochanter (apex)
A: Thigh hip external rotation and abduction.
Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
In: Sacral plexus (S1, S2)

Question 8

Superior & Inferior Gemellus

Answer 8

O:
- Superior: ischial spine
- Inferior: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter (via tendon of obturator internus)
A: Hip external rotation and abduction (from felxed hip)
Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
In: Lumbosacral plexus (L5, S1)

Question 9

Obturator internus

Answer 9

O: Posterior surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries
I: Greater trochanter (medial surface)
A: Hip external rotation (extended thigh) and abduction (flexed thigh)
Stabilisation of hip joint
In: Sacral plexus (L5, S1)

Question 10

Quadratus femoris

Answer 10

O: Ischial tuberosity (lateral border)
I: Intertrochanteric crest
A: Hip external rotation
Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
In: Sacral plexus (L5, S1)