Leg and Foot Functions

Question 1

Gastrocnemius

Answer 1

• The large calf muscle
• Can act on knee or the ankle separately, but not simultaneously
• Raises the heel during running and jumping
• Inserts on the calcaneus

Question 2

Popliteus

Answer 2

-The key that unlocks the knee

Question 3

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 3

-The most anterior and superficial layer in relationship to medial malleolus

Question 4

Three deep posterior calf muscles

“Tom, Dick, and Harry”

Answer 4

• Tibialis Posterior (most anterior and superficial)
• Flexor Digitorum Longus
• Flexor Hallucis Longus (most posterior and deep)

Question 5

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 5

-Comparable to the flexor digitorum profundus of in the hand

Question 6

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 6

-This muscle is important in pushing off the surface in walking, running, and jumping.

Question 7

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 7

• Superficial muscle of the shin
• Paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop
• “Shin splits” involve this muscle

Question 8

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 8

-This muscle is comparable to the extensor pollicis longus in the hand

Question 9

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 9

• Toe Extensor

- Comparable to the extensor digitorum in the hand

Question 10

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 10

-The portion of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis to the great toe may be identified as the Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Question 11

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus

Answer 11

• Peroneus is derived from the Greek word for fibula

- Traverses the sole of the foot to meet the tibialis anterior tenon to form a stirrup for the foot

Question 12

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis

Answer 12

-The action of the foot evertors is especially helpful when walking or running on uneven surfaces

Question 13

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius

Answer 13

-Functions to place the foot flat on the ground by raising the lateral border

Question 14

Muscle of the Foot:

Layer 1

Answer 14

1. Abductor Hallucis
2. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
3. Abductor Digiti Minimi
   - Together, these muscles help support the arches of the foot

Question 15

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 15

• Compare to the flexor Digitorum Superficialis in the forearm
• One of the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot

Question 16

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 16

-Comparable to the abductor pollicis brevis in the hand

Question 17

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 17

One of the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot

Question 18

Muscle of the Foot:

Layer 2

Answer 18

1. Lumbricals

2. Quadratus Plantae

Question 19

Lumbricals

Answer 19

Comparable to the lumbricals in the hand

Question 20

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 20

-Connects to the last four digits of the foot

Question 21

Muscles of the Foot:

Layer 3

Answer 21

1. Flexor Hallucis Brevis
2. Adductor Hallucis
3. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 22

Muscle of the Foot:

Layer 4

Answer 22

1. Dorsal Interossei (4)

2. Plantar Interossei (3)

Question 23

Dorsiflexors of the Ankle

Answer 23

1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor Digitorum Longus
3. Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius
4. Extensor Hallucis Longus

Question 24

Plantarflexors of the Ankle

Answer 24

1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
3. Plantaris
4. Peroneus (fibularis) Longus
5. Peroneus (fibularis) Brevis
6. Tibialis Posterior
7. Flexor Hallucis Longus
8. Flexor Digitorum Longus

Question 25

Invertors of the Foot

Answer 25

1. Tibialis Anterior | 2. Tibialis Posterior

Question 26

Evertors of the Foot

Answer 26

1. Peroneus (fibularis) tertius 2. Peroneus (fibularis) longus 3. Peroeus (fibularis) brevis

Question 27

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

Answer 27

1. Peroneus (fibulari) longus | 2. Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Question 28

Deep Peroneal Nerve | 5 front leg muscles

Answer 28

1. Tibialis Anterior 2. Extensor Digitorum Longus 3. Peroneus (fibularis) Tertius 4. Extensor Hallucis Brevis 5. Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 29

Tibial Nerve | 7 back leg muscles

Answer 29

1. Plantaris 2. Popliteus 3. Gastrocnemius 4. Soleus 5. Flexor Digitorum Longus 6. Flexor Hallucis Longus 7. Tibialis Posterior

Question 30

Tibial Nerve Terminae -- Medial Plantar Nerve (4 muscles)

Answer 30

1. Flexor Digitorum Brevis 2. Abductor Hallucis 3. Flexor Hallucis Brevis 4. 1st Lumbricals

Question 31

Tibial Nerve Terminae -- Lateral Plantar Nerve (7 muscles)

Answer 31

1. Adductor Hallucis 2. Quadratus Plantae 3. Abductor Digiti Minimi 4. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis 5. Plantar Interosseous 6. Dorsal Interosseous 7. Lumbricals (lateral 3)