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KES 343 Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Diaphragm & trunk > Flashcards

Diaphragm & trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the vertebral column

A
  • Cervical (7)
  • Thoracic (12)
  • Lumbar (5)
  • Sacral (5)
  • Coccyx) (4)
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2
Q

What is spondylolysis?

A

Degeneration of vertebral (neural) arch and as a result, the superior and inferior facets

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3
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

When the L5 vertebra breaks, anterior displacement of the L5 on S1 takes place, reducing spinal foramen, compressing them and causing back pain parenthesis

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4
Q

What are intercostals?

A

The thoracic continuation of the abdominal external ad internal oblique muscles

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5
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Most important muscle in respiration

- Contracts down in inspiration and relaxes in expiration

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6
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

What are the three opening in the diaphragm?

A
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Esophagus
  • Aorta
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8
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A
  • These are the “abs”

- Has the linea alba (white line)

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9
Q

External oblique

A
  • The most superficial of the three side abdominal muscles
  • Its fibers angle obliquely downward and medially
  • You can palpate if you do the motion as if you’re putting your hands into your pocket
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10
Q

Internal oblique

A
  • The middle of the three layers of the abdominal wall muscles
  • Important in forced expiration, coughing, and sneezing
  • To palpate this muscle, cross your arms over your abdomen with your fingertips on the anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS)
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11
Q

Transverse abdominis

A
  • The inner-most of the three abdominal muscle layers

- Its fibers runs horizontally while the two abdominal muscle layers’ fibers runs obliquely

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12
Q

Linea alba

A
  • Ventral midline fibrous band extending from the xiphoid process to the pubis
  • Midline union of the aponeurotic sheath which cover the abdominal muscles
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13
Q

Erector spinae

A
  • Erector spinae muscles go into powerful spasms following injury to back structures
  • Covered by thoracolumbar and nuchal fascia and lie superficial to transversospinalis
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14
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A
  1. Iliocostalis (lateral layer)
  2. Longissimus (middle layer)
  3. Spinalis (medial layer)
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15
Q

Three Iliocostalis (erector spinae) muscles

A
  1. Iliocostalis Cervicis
  2. Iliocostalis Thoracis
  3. iliocostalis Lumborum
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16
Q

What is the common erector spinae problem?

A

“Back strain”

17
Q

Three Longissimus (erector spinae) muscles

A
  1. Longissimus Cervicis
  2. Longissimus Capitis
  3. Longissimus Thoracis
18
Q

Three Spinalis (erector spinae) muscles

A
  1. Spinalis Capitis
  2. Spinalis Cervicis
  3. Spinalis Thoracis
19
Q

Multifidus

A
  • They lie deep to the erector spinae

- This group extends and rotates the spine

20
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A
  • Raises ribs to increase thoracic cavity during inspiration

- This muscle lies under the rhomboideus next to the ribs

21
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

-Draws ribs outwards and downward counteracting the inward pull of the diaphragm during expiration

22
Q

Levatores Costarum

A

-Raises ribs in inspiration

23
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

-This muscle can be remembered for its action as “hip hiker”

24
Q

Scalenes

A
  • A greek work for “uneven” which describes the shape of these muscles.
  • The brachial plexus passes between the anterior scalenus and middle scalenus.
25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A
  • Named for its attachments
  • -Divides cervical region into anterior and posterior triangles
  • It is a key muscular landmark in the neck
26
Q

Spasms in sternocleidomastoid can cause?

A

“wryneck” or torticollis

27
Q

Chewing muscles

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Temporal Bone
  • Zygomatic bone and arch
28
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates mandible to close it, and protrudes mandible

29
Q

Buccinator

A

Maintains cheek tension near teeth to keep food in position for chewing

30
Q

Temporal muscles

A

Closes mandibles, retrudes mandible

31
Q

Obicularis oris

A

Lip closure

32
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Together, they protrude mandible;

acting alone, they produce side to side movements

33
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

acting together, they help to elevate mandible;

acting alone, they work with the lateral pterygoids to produce grinding motion

34
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
external intercostals
diaphragm

35
Q

Muscles of expiration

A 
internal intercostals
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse oblique
rectus abdominis

KES 343 Musculoskeletal Anatomy (8 decks)

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