Lectures 32, 33 - Reproductive System II, III (female) Flashcards
What are the sections of the uterine tubes proximal - distal?
Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae
What part of the ovary consists of a high population of ovarian follicles?
The cortex
What are the four sections of the uterus?
- Fundus
- Body
- Uterine cavity
- Cervix
What are the three main features of the cervix?
- Internal Os (Uterine side)
- Cervical Canal
- External Os (Vaginal side)
List the three layers of uterine histology from deep to superficial (deep would be the inner lining of uterus)
- Endometrium
- Stratum Functionalis
- Stratum basalis - Myometrium
- Perimetrium
List the two components of the clitoris
- Corpus cavernosum
- Corpus spongiosum
List the steps of oogenesis (3 + fertilization)
oogonium (diploid)
↓ - mitosis
primary oocyte (diploid)
↓ - meiosis I
secondary oocyte (haploid)
↓ - ovulation, commences meiosis II
but stops in metaphase II
secondary oocyte (haploid)
↓ - if fertilized, meiosis II is continued
ovum (haploid) + sperm (haploid)
↓
zygote (diploid)
Where does fertilization usually occur?
The ampulla of the uterine tubes
Features of primordial ovarian follicle
- Fetal primary oocytes surrounded by a single later of follicular cells
Features of a primary ovarian follicle (2)
- Houses primary oocyte still
- Zone of pellucida: Protective layer of lipoproteins
- Granulosa cells: form thick wall and produce follicular fluid
Features of Secondary Follicle
- Now houses secondary oocyte
- Same features as primary follicle
- Follicular fluid forms antra
Features of tertiary oocyte
- Still secondary oocyte
- Same features
- Antrum continues to grow
What are the three main phases of the ovarian cycle?
- Follicular
- Ovulatory
- Luteal
Describe the development of the follicular phase
- Starts at puberty (monthly)
- Stimulated by FSH
Primary ovarian follicle
↓
Secondary ovarian follicle
↓
Tertiary ovarian follicle
Describe the progression of the ovulatory phase
- Stimulated by a surge in LH
Tertiary Ovarian follicle
↓ ruptures (ovulation)
Corpus hemorrhagicum
- Secondary oocyte is release
Describe the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
- Controlled by LH
Corpus hemorrhagicum
↓
Corpus luteum
↓
Degenerating
↓
Corpus albicans
What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle fertilization doesn’t occur?
- Menstrual
- Proliferative
- Secretory
Describe the mechanism of the menstrual phase
- The functional layer of the endometrium is being shed
- Lasts for 5-7 days
- Only the basal layer of endometrium remains
Describe the mechanism of the proliferative phase
- The functional endometrial layer is being built up
- Stimulated by estrogen released by follicle development
- Ovulation occurs at the end of this phase ~ day 14
Describe the secretory phase
- Endometrium keeps growing
- If fertilization doesn’t occur, the cycle will restart ~ day 28
What hormone is secreted by secondary and tertiary follicles, as well as corpus hemorrhagicum that stimulated the rebuilding of the stratum functionalis?
Estrogens
What hormones are released by corpus luteum that contribute to the secretory phase
Progesterone and more estrogens
