Lecture 23, 24 - Respiratory System I, II Flashcards
What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?
- Conducting Zone
- Respiratory Zone
What are the components of the conducting zone? (7)
Passages that conduct air
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Bronchioles
- Terminal Bronchioles
List the layers of respiratory tract from superficial to deep
- Mucosa: Epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria
- Submucosa: Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
- Cartilage or smooth muscle
- Adventitia
What kind of epithelium is found in the respiratory tract?
- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
- Contains goblet cells
What are goblet cells?
- Specialized epithelial cells
- Secrete mucin, makes up mucous layer
- Shape resembles goblet/wine glass
What bones make up the bony nose? (7)
- Frontal
- Nasal
- Ethmoid
- Maxilla
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
- Vomer
☆ - cartilage
What are the four paranasal sinuses and their function? (3)
- Frontal
- Sphenoidal
- Ethmoidal
- Maxillary
- Produce mucous
- Resonate sound
- Warms and humidifies air
What kind of cells/layers line the nasal cavity?
- Respiratory epithelium with goblet cells
- Lamina propria contain seromucous glands
What are the functions of the seromucous glands in the lamina propria? (4)
- Moistens inspired air
- Traps particles and pathogens
- Antimicrobial protection
- Supports mucosal hydration
What are the three sections of the pharynx? Function? (2)
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Passageway for food/air
- Resonates sound
What cells line the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Features of the larynx (5)
- Passageway of air between the pharynx and the trachea
- Houses the vocal apparatus
- Located around C4-C6
- Lined by respiratory epithelium
- Contains:
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Cricoid Cartilage
What is the opening between the vocal cords called?
Rima Glottidis
Explain the location of the vocal cords
Vestibular Folds - False Vocal Cords
- Inferior
Vocal Folds - True Vocal Cords
- Superior
What is the separation of the trachea into the left and right primary bronchi called?
The Carina
Where is the trachea in relation to the esophagus?
Anterior
What kind of cartilage form the tracheal lumen? What muscle runs along the trachea?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Trachealis muscle
List each type of bronchi (3) and explain their features (2-3)
Primary Bronchi
- Extrapulmonary
- Right is more vertical, shorter and wider
Secondary Bronchi
- Intrapulmonary
- Lobar Bronchi
- 1 per lobe (R:3,L:2)
Tertiary Bronchi
- Segmental Bronchi
- 10 per lung
How are terminal bronchioles formed
- Tertiary bronchi keep dividing progressively getting smaller in diameter, terminal bronchioles are the smallest division
What do the two layers of the pleural membranes line?
Parietal Pleura - Lines the thoracic cavity
Visceral Pleura - Adheres to the lungs
Which lung has the cardiac notch and lingula?
Left lung
List in descending (Superior to inferior) order the components of the hilum of the lungs
- Pulmonary arteries
- Primary bronchi
- Pulmonary veins
What structures form the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
What are alveolar ducts?
- Distal extensions of the respiratory bronchioles, consist almost entirely of alveoli
