Lecture 29, 30 - Urinary System I, II Flashcards
What organs make up the urinary system? (4)
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Functions of the kidneys (8)
- Regulation of blood ion composition
- Regulation of blood pH
- Regulation of blood volume
- Enzymatic regulation of BP
- Maintenance of blood osmolarity (concentration of solute)
- Production of hormones
- Regulation of blood glucose
- Excretion of waste and foreign substances
List the layers outside of the kidney (3)
- Renal fascia
- Perirenal fat capsule
- Fibrous capsule
List the branches of the renal artery (3)
Renal artery -> Segmental artery -> interlobular artery
Explain the different parts of the nephron and which part of the kidney they are present in. (3), (4)
Renal Cortex
- Afferent and efferent arterioles
- Renal Corpuscle
- DCT and PCT
Renal Medulla
- Nephron loop
- Collecting duct
- Minor calyx
- Papillary duct
Explain the path of urine drainage (8)
- Collecting duct
- Papillary duct
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
Functions of Nephrons
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
What is the fluid that is filtered out of the glomerulus into the capsular space called?
Glomerular filtrate
What is the average daily volume of glomerular filtrate for men and women?
- Men: 180 litres
- Women: 150 litres
What are the fenestrations in the glomerulus?
Pores in the glomerular endothelial cells that allow the filtration of blood plasma, without any cells to passing through
Function of podocytes
Cells that lie on the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule, wrap around the capillaries and their pedicels block cells and medium sized proteins from being filtered out
☆ - create the slit membrane
Basal Lamina of glomerulus function
Blocks the passage of larger proteins
List the layers of the ureter (3)
- Mucosa (urothelium)
- Muscular layer
- Adventitia
What muscle contacts in the bladder
Detrusor muscle
- Pushes urine into the urethra
Where do the ureters enter the bladder
Ureteral opening
List the layers of the bladder
(Lumen)
- Mucosa (urothelium and lamina propria)
- Muscular layer (inner longitudinal and middle circular)
- Serosa
What feature of the bladder allow for its expansion as it fills?
Mucosal folds
What are the three segments of the male urethra?
- Prostatic
- Intermediate/Membranous
- Spongy
