Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT 100 > Lectures 25-27 - Digestive System I, II, III > Flashcards

Lectures 25-27 - Digestive System I, II, III Flashcards

1
Q

What organs comprise the digestive canal? (5)

A

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organs are considered accessory digestive organs? (7)

A

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the six main functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Ingestion
  • Secretion
  • Motility
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the divisions of the oral cavity

A
  • Oral vestibule: Between lips and teeth
  • Oral cavity proper: between teeth and fauces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many deciduous teeth and permanent teeth do humans have?

A

20 deciduous, 32 permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three sections of the tooth when divided transversely?

A
  • Crown
  • Neck
  • Root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three major layers that make up the tooth?

A
  • Enamel
  • Dentin
  • Pulp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the sockets in the maxilla and mandible and what are they formed by?

A

Sockets - Alveoli
- Formed by the alveolar processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ligaments connect the tooth to the alveoli?

A

Periodontal ligaments
- Form the periodontium lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two categories of tongue muscles and how do they differ?

A
  • Intrinsic Muscles
    • Originate and insert into the tongue
      itself - shape
  • Extrinsic Muscles
    • Originate outside of the tongue but
      insert into it - movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus muscle? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic? Innervation?

A
  • Forms most of the tongue mass
  • Depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Extrinsic
  • Innervated by CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the bumps on the lateral and superior surfaces of the tongue?

A

Lingual papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of lingual papillae?

A
  • Increase surface area for taste
  • Create an abrasive surface to facilitate food … ?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 different types of taste receptors?

A
  • Sour
  • Sweet
  • Salty
  • Bitter
  • Umami
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three salivary glands? What is the function of saliva? (2)

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
  • Moistens oral cavity
  • Begins chemical digestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the parotid gland located? What duct does it secrete saliva through?

A
  • Located anterior and inferior to the ears
  • Secrete saliva through Stensen’s Duct
    - Enters the oral cavity lateral to the
    2nd upper molar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the submandibular gland? What duct does it secrete saliva through?

A
  • Found inferior and medial to the mandible
  • Secretions exit into the floor of the mouth through the submandibular duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the submandibular gland? What duct does it secrete saliva through?

A
  • Found on the inside of the mandible, inferior to the tongue
  • Sublingual duct joins with submandibular duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles constrict in the pharynx while swallowing and what CN are they innervated by?

A
  • Pharyngeal constrictors
  • Innervated by CN X (vagus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cells make up the esophagus?

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
21
Q

Why do we divide the abdominal digestive system into the foregut, midgut, and hingut?

A
  • These sections develop together embryologically meaning they all have a unique blood supply
22
Q

What organs make up the foregut?

A
  • Abdominal Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Proximal 1/2 of the duodenum
  • Accessory organs (gallbladder, liver, pancreas)
23
Q

Where does the blood supply of the foregut originate?

A

Branches of the celiac trunk (branch of the inferior

24
Q

What are the four divisions of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia (entrance)
  • Fundus (top)
  • Body
  • Pylorus (leading to duodenum)
25
What are the two sphincters in the stomach?
Cardiac Sphincter - Esophagus -> cardia stomach Pyloric Sphincter - Pylorus of stomach -> duodenum
26
What are the histological 4 layers of the stomach?
- Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscularis Externa (3 layers) - Serosa
27
What are the divisions of the duodenum?
- Superior - Descending (most distal region of foregut) - Transverse - Ascending
28
What are the 4 histological layers in the duodenum?
- Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscularis Externa (only 2 layers) - Adventitia or serosa
29
What are Brunner's Glands in the duodenum?
Secrete an alkaline substances that protects from stomach acid
30
Explain the blood supply to the foregut - Celiac trunk, splenic artery, common hepatic artery, left gastric artery
- Celiac trunk splits into the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and left gastric artery - Splenic Artery -> spleen, pancreas, greater curvature/fundus of stomach - Common Hepatic Artery -> Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, duodenum - Left Gastric Artery -> Lesser curvature of stomach
31
What organs make up the midgut?
- Distal half of the duodenum - The small intestine - Large intestine up to 2/3 of the proximal transverse colon
32
What are the three sections of the small intestine and what are their main functions?
- Duodenum - Site of digestion and emulsification - Jejunum - Primary absorption of macromolecules - Ileum - Absorption of anything unabsorbed by the jejunum
33
What are the three ways surface area is increased in the small intestine?
- PIlcae Circulares - circular folds - Villi - Bumps on the plicae circulares - Microvilli - Microscopic bumps bumps on villi
34
What section of the small intestine are Peyer's Patches found?
- Ileum - Lymphoid aggregates
35
What are the 4 divisions of the large intestine
- Ascending - Transverse (midgut ends here) - Descending - Sigmoid
36
What are the three notable features of the large intestine?
- Haustra - Sac-like structures - Taenia coli - 3 bands of longitudinal muscle - Epiploic Appendages - Small fat-filled pouches
37
Where does the blood supply of the midgut originate? Where does this artery branch off of?
Provided by the superior mesenteric artery - Branches off the aorta just below the celiac trunk
38
What organs make up the hindgut? (5)w\
- Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon - Descending colon - Sigmoid colon - Rectum - Anus
39
What two sphincters exist in the anus, are they voluntary or involuntary?
- Internal anal sphincter - Involuntary - External anal sphincter - Voluntary
40
Where does the blood supply to the hindgut originate from?
- Inferior mesenteric artery
41
List the digestive functions of the liver (2)
- Bile production - Detoxifies blood with enzymes - ex. cytochrome P450s (CYPs)
42
Explain the branches of the aorta that eventually supply blood to the liver 😭 idk how to phrase this
Aorta -> celiac trunk -> common hepatic artery -> hepatic artery proper -> liver
43
What veins merge to form the portal vein that travels through the liver?
- inferior mesenteric vein merges with splenic vein - splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein join to form portal vein
44
What are the 3 sections of the gallbladder? Which is closest to the cystic duct?
- Fundus - Body - Neck (closest to cystic duct)
45
Explain the duct system of the pancreas and how it connects to the duodenum
- The major pancreatic duct splits off into the minor pancreatic duct - Major pancreatic continues to join with the common bile duct, entering the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla - The minor pancreatic duct enters the duodenum through the minor duodenal papilla
46
What are the two major groups of cells in the pancreas, is their function exocrine or endocrine?
- Acinar cells (99% of pancreas) - Exocrine functioning, enzyme production - Islets of Langerhans - Endocrine function
47
The blood supply to the head/tail/body of the pancreas is provided my different arteries, list them. (3)
Tail and body - Splenic Artery Head (and duodenum) - Superior pancreaticoduodenal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries -
48
What is the function of the peritoneum?
- Forms folds called mesenteries that provide structural support to organs - Lubricate various organs
49
Explain the difference between retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal
- Retroperitoneal - Organ is covered by parietal peritoneum - Intraperitoneal - Organs surrounded by visceral peritoneum

ANAT 100 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions