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Physiology Exam 3 > Lectures 15, 16 > Flashcards

Lectures 15, 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior lobe also known as

A

Adenohypophysis

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2
Q

Posterior lobe also known as

A

Neurohypophysis

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3
Q

Which lobe contains neurons descending from hypothalamus?

A

Posterior

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4
Q

Which lobe secretes hormones synthesized in hypothalamus that are then carried to veins?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

What lobe is regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones?

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Where are hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting hormones released from?

A

Terminal axons at the median eminence

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7
Q

Hypothalamic hormones are delivered directly to ___________ in high concentrations

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

Hypothalamic hormones generally don’t

A

Appear in systemic circulation

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9
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormones stimulates

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin

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10
Q

Gonadotropin realeasing hormone stimulates

A

LH and FSH

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11
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone stimulates

A

Adrenocorticotropin

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12
Q

Somatostatin inhibits

A

GH and prolactin

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13
Q

Prolactin-releasing factor stimulates

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

Dopamine inhibits and stimulates

A

Inhibits Prolactin, ACTH, and stimulates GH

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15
Q

What is the primary inhibitor of prolactin?

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

TSH target

A

Thyroid glands

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17
Q

LH target

A

Gonads

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18
Q

ACTH target

A

Adrenal gland

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19
Q

GH target

A

All tissues

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20
Q

Prolactin target

A

Mammary glands and gonads

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21
Q

FSH target

A

Gonads

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22
Q

Thyrotroph stimulators

A

TRH from hypothalamus
Decreases in T3, T4

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23
Q

Thyrotroph inhibitors

A

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Increases in T3, T4

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24
Q

Corticotroph stimulators

A

CRH
Decrease in cortisol
ADH
Stress

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25
Q

Corticotroph inhibitors

A

Increase in cortisol
ACTH
Somatostatin
Dopamine

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26
Q

Gonadotroph stimulators

A

GnRH
Activin
Pheromones

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27
Q

Gonadotroph inhibitors

A

Testosterone
Estrogen
Inhibin
Melatonin

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28
Q

Lactotroph stimulators

A

TRH
Estrogen
Suckling
Prolactin releasing factor

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29
Q

Lactotroph inhibitors

A

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Prolactin

30
Q

Decreased glucose will stimulate or inhibit GH

31
Q

Decreased FFA will stimulate or inhibit GH

32
Q

Increased AA will stimulate or inhibit GH

33
Q

Somatostatin will stimulate or inhibit GH

34
Q

Increased glucose and FFA will stimulate or inhibit GH

35
Q

Hypoglycemia/fasting/starving will stimulate or inhibit GH

36
Q

Obesity will stimulate or inhibit GH

37
Q

Somatomedins will stimulate or inhibit GH

38
Q

Direct anabolic effects of GH

A

Increased Ca absorption from gut, increased P absorption from liver, increased protein synthesis in liver

39
Q

Indirect anabolic effects of GH

A

Increased lean muscle mass, linear bone growth, organ size/function

40
Q

IGF-1 is

A

Somatomedin C

41
Q

IGF-2 is

A

Somatomedin A

42
Q

Direct catabolic effects of GH

A

Increased gluconeogenesis in liver to maintain blood glucose in normal range
Also increases lipolysis and formation of ketones

43
Q

Deficiency of GH results in

44
Q

Excessive GH secretion results in

A

Acromegaly

45
Q

What two hormones are released from posterior pituitary?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

46
Q

Prepropressophysin is the peptide precursor of

47
Q

Prepropressophysin contains

A

ADH + neurophysin II, plus signal peptide

48
Q

Prepro-oxyphysin is the peptide precursor of

49
Q

Major stimulus for oxytocin secretion

50
Q

Non-major stimulation of oxytocin

A

Stimulation of cervix by fetus, resulting in uterine contractions

51
Q

Does oxytocin work on male reproductive organs, or only female?

52
Q

Decreased plasma osmolarity stimulate ADH or inhibit

53
Q

Increased blood volume stimulate ADH or inhibit

54
Q

Increased blood pressure stimulate ADH or inhibit

55
Q

Increased plasma osmolarity stimulate ADH or inhibit

56
Q

Decreased blood volume stimulate ADH or inhibit

57
Q

Ethanol stimulate ADH or inhibit

58
Q

Decreased blood pressure stimulate ADH or inhibit

59
Q

Pain and nausea stimulate ADH or inhibit

60
Q

Hypoglycemia stimulate ADH or inhibit

61
Q

Glucocorticoids stimulate ADH or inhibit

62
Q

Where does ADH have its two major actions?

A

Kidney and vascular smooth muscle

63
Q

What is the ADH receptor?

A

V2 receptor

64
Q

V2 receptor uses what enzyme and second messenger system

A

Adenylyl cyclase + cAMP

65
Q

In the kidneys, when ADH increases it increases the water permeability of what cells

A

Principal cells

66
Q

In the kidneys, when ADH increases it increases the water permeability of principal cells where?

A

Distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys

67
Q

When cAMP is activated in the kidneys, what is inserted into the membrane of principal cells?

A

Aquaporin 2

68
Q

Aquaporin 2 inserted into membrane of principal cells when ADH is increased results in dilute or concentrated urine?

A

Concentrated

69
Q

Disease that involves lack of ADH secretion (circulating ADH is low)–> Can be located at hypothalamus or pituitary

A

Central diabetes insipidous

70
Q

Disease in which posterior pituitary normal, but principal cells in collecting duct unresponsive to ADH

A

Peripheral or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Physiology Exam 3 (13 decks)

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