Lecture 13: Hormone Synthesis, Regulation of Hormone Secretion, and Hormone Receptors

Question 1

Most hormones are synthesized in and excreted by

Answer 1

Glands

Question 2

Some molecules can be both

Answer 2

Neurotransmitters and hormones

Question 3

Dynamic equilibrium definiton

Answer 3

As changes occur, body works to maintain uniform conditions

Question 4

What are the 3 mechanisms to restore and maintain homeostasis

Answer 4

Receptor, control center, effector

Question 5

What mechanism of homeostasis receives info about changes

Answer 5

Receptor

Question 6

What mechanism of homeostasis receives and processes info

Answer 6

Control center

Question 7

What mechanism of homeostasis responds to commands of CC by opposing or enhancing stimulus

Answer 7

Effector

Question 8

What kind of loops does homeostasis use?

Answer 8

Negative feedback

Question 9

Define negative feedback loop broadly

Answer 9

System that is going to act in a way to reverse direction of change

Question 10

Does positive feedback result in homeostasis?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Positive feedback ______ change in variable

Answer 11

amplifies

Question 12

Name the four hormone signaling pathways

Answer 12

Endocrine/telecrine, neurocrine, autocrine, paracrine

Question 13

Hormone signaling pathway that travels long distances via blood to target tissue

Answer 13

Endocrine/telecrine

Question 14

Hormone signaling pathway that is secreted by neuron in blood

Answer 14

Neurocrine

Question 15

Hormone signaling pathway that exerts effects on itself or very close identical cells

Answer 15

Autocrine

Question 16

Hormone signaling pathway that has close target cells, diffusing through interstitial fluid, does not go in blood

Answer 16

Paracrine

Question 17

T/F: Paracrine signaling pathways travel through blood

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Name the 4 hormone classifications

Answer 18

Peptides and proteins; steroids, amines; eicosanoids

Question 19

Hormone classification who’s structure differs across species, structure can effect speed at which works

Answer 19

Peptides and proteins

Question 20

Peptides and proteins are synthesized from

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

Hormone classification who’s structure is conserved across species for most and is synthesized from cholesterol

Answer 21

Steroids

Question 22

Which hormone classification is synthesized from cholesterol?

Answer 22

Steroids

Question 23

What hormone classification is synthesized from tyrosine?

Answer 23

Amines

Question 24

What hormone classification is synthesized from fatty acids?

Answer 24

Eicosanoids

Question 25

Examples of peptide/protein hormones

Answer 25

Insulin, growth factors, growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, antidiuretic hormone

Question 26

What allows similar peptide hormones to act on multiple receptors?

Answer 26

Structures of peptide hormones can be very similar and only differ be a side chain

Question 27

Growth factor hormone can act on

Answer 27

Insulin receptors

Question 28

Steps in synthesis of peptide and protein hormones:
____ is transcribed and travels to ______

Answer 28

mRNA; cytoplasm

Question 29

Steps in synthesis of peptide and protein hormones:
1. mRNA is transcribed and travels to cytoplasm.
2. Message is _______ on _____

Answer 29

translated; ribosome

Question 30

Steps in synthesis of peptide and protein hormones:
1. mRNA is transcribed and travels to cytoplasm.
2. Message is translated on ribosome.
3. Product is ________, now transferred to ______.

Answer 30

prehormone; ER

Question 31

Prehormone bigger or smaller than final hormone?

Answer 31

Bigger

Question 32

Steps in synthesis of peptide and protein hormones:
1. mRNA is transcribed and travels to cytoplasm.
2. Message is translated on ribosome.
3. Product is prehormone, now transferred to ER.
4. _________ degraded in ER.

Answer 32

Signal peptide

Question 33

Steps in synthesis of peptide and protein hormones:
1. mRNA is transcribed and travels to cytoplasm.
2. Message is translated on ribosome.
3. Product is prehormone, now transferred to ER.
4. Signal peptide degraded in ER - results in ______, now transferred to ____.

Answer 33

Prohormone; Golgi

Question 34

Prohormone is packaged into

Answer 34

Secretory granule

Question 35

When endocrine cell stimulated,

Answer 35

granule contents (containing hormone) released

Question 36

Catecholamines are synthesized using

Answer 36

Tyrosine

Question 37

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are

Answer 37

Catecholamines

Question 38

Thyroid hormones are synthesizes from

Answer 38

Tyrosine and iodide

Question 39

Thyroglobulin is used for

Answer 39

Thyroid hormone secretion

Question 40

Cortistol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogen, Vitamin D are examples of

Answer 40

Steroid hormones

Question 41

Steroid hormones are stored or created when needed?

Answer 41

Created when needed

Question 42

Prostaglandins have ______ actions

Answer 42

Paracrine

Question 43

Synthesized using arachidonic acids

Answer 43

Prostaglandins

Question 44

Regulation of hormone secretion involves which mechanisms?

Answer 44

Neural mechanisms and feedback mechanisms

Question 45

Which is more common in regulation of hormone secretion, neural mechanisms or feedback mechanisms?

Answer 45

Feedback mechanisms

Question 46

Hormone from target tissue feeds back to original release point, such as pituitary or hypothalamus

Answer 46

Long feedback loop

Question 47

Negative feedback from pituitary to hypothalamus

Answer 47

Short feedback loop

Question 48

Hypothalamic hormone inhibits own secretion

Answer 48

Ultra-short