Lecture 9: Avian Digestive Physiology

Question 1

Combined cavity of mouth and pharynx extending from beak to esophagus

Answer 1

Oropharynx

Question 2

Reduces feed to smaller size

Answer 2

Beak

Question 3

Caudal to base of tongue w/ median slit

Answer 3

Laryngeal mound

Question 4

T/F: Avians have no epiglottis

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Avians do not have taste buds

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Avian saliva composition

Answer 6

Mostly mucus, some amylase

Question 7

Crop is located near

Answer 7

Thoracic inlet

Question 8

Can store food when rapidly eating, small amount of fermentation, moistens/releases food slowly to rest of GIT

Answer 8

Crop

Question 9

Post-crop esophagus is located

Answer 9

Thoracic region

Question 10

Avian stomach components

Answer 10

Proventriculus and gizzard

Question 11

Gastric chamber that secretes HCl, pepsinogen, gastric lipase, mucus

Answer 11

Proventriculus

Question 12

Mechanical grinding occurs here

Answer 12

Gizzard (Ventriculus)

Question 13

Accumulation of grit and stone to help grind

Answer 13

Gizzard

Question 14

What is gizzard lined with?

Answer 14

Koilin

Question 15

What is the purpose of koilin in the gizzard?

Answer 15

Solid secretions to protect gizzard from acid + pepsin

Question 16

Intestines in birds are long or short compared to mammals?

Answer 16

Short

Question 17

Pancreas is located in the center of the

Answer 17

Duodenal loop

Question 18

How many pancreatic ducts does avian have?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 19

Yolk sac vestige, distinction between jejunum and ileum

Question 20

How many rhythmic gastroduodenal contractions do avians have?

Answer 20

~3/min

Question 21

In gastroduodenal contractions, which muscles contract first?

Answer 21

Thin ventricular muscles

Question 22

What does the peristaltic wave through ventriculus follow?

Answer 22

Contraction of thick ventricular muscles

Question 23

What happens to digesta from the duodenum and upper jejunum about 4x an hour?

Answer 23

Refluxes into ventriculus

Question 24

What is only allowed in ceca?

Answer 24

Liquids

Question 25

Ceca in avians are

Answer 25

Paired

Question 26

Water reabsorbed from refluxed urine provides

Answer 26

N for bacteria

Question 27

Where feces and urine are excreted together, where excrete N as uric acid

Answer 27

Cloaca

Question 28

Opening to exterior for feces

Answer 28

Vent

Question 29

Bursa of Fabricius

Answer 29

Immune function

Question 30

Antiperistalsis in the colon is

Answer 30

When urine moved from cloaca to ceca and colon

Question 31

How many antiperistaltic contractions/minute?

Answer 31

10-14

Question 32

The major cecal contractions are for

Answer 32

Cecal evaluation

Question 33

One major cecal contraction for

Answer 33

Defecation

Question 34

Minor cecal contractions are for

Answer 34

Mixing

Question 35

How many lobes in liver of avians

Answer 35

Bi-lobed

Question 36

How many cecal droppings per day?

Answer 36

1-2

Question 37

How many intestinal droppings per day?

Answer 37

25-50

Question 38

Best diet for poultry

Answer 38

Highly digestible start and protein diets

Question 39

Impacted crop occurs from

Answer 39

Consuming too much grass and fibrous materials Can happen if fasting then binge If food fails to move out of crop, could be obstruction

Question 40

Sour crop occurs from

Answer 40

Overgrowth of yeast in crop, which disrupts normal bacteria