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Darrens class Midterm > Lectures 10-12 > Flashcards

Lectures 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

what’s N.O.G (3 types of nervous system cells)

A

Neurons
Other cells
Glia cells

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2
Q

How many neurons are in the human body and what do neurons represent

A

100,000,000,000 in human body (triple 3’s)

Main signaling units in Nervous sytem

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3
Q

What 3 types of cells fall under Other cells?

A

endothelial cells
ependymal cells
micro glia

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4
Q

How many Glial cells do humans have and how many kinds of glial cells are in this category ?

A

100,000,000,000,000 (quadruple 4’s) and 7 types of glial cells are in this category

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5
Q

How are neurons utilized in Nervous system? (the star actor)

A

interconnections enable everything from basic reflexes to cognitive function

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6
Q

What are the double r’s for neurons , what can they not do ?

A

Replicate
replace
Cannot be replicated or replaced once gone

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7
Q

what are “other cells” utilized for in Nervous system? (Co star)

A

Variety of important supporting roles

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8
Q

What are Glia cells utilized for in Nervous system? (Co star)

A

Plays primarily supporting role

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9
Q

How do neurons communicate ?

A

Neuron sends , processes and receives signals then stores information as well

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10
Q

How do neurons communicate? PSA and 1)… 2)… processes

A

Combo of electrical and chemical processes as well as Post synaptic signaling, Synaptic transmission and Action potential

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11
Q

Neurons structure typically has ……. cellular characteristics

A

Eukaryotic

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12
Q

what are the cellular characteristics? NPC

A

Nucleas
Plasmalemma
Cytoplasm

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13
Q

what’s inside cytoplasm?
(2)

A

Cytosol
Cyto skeleton

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14
Q

What’s inside membrane organelles? REP

A

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Polysomes

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15
Q

4 distinct cellular characteristics of a neuron ( 4 parts of an Axon) SADS

A

Shape: cell body (soma)
Axon
Dendrites
Synapse

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16
Q

what function do axons have?
Hint: theres someone on trains who gives the go for everything

A

Conduct action potentials and transmit synaptic signals

17
Q

4 Parts of method to an Axon
in in on out

A

Input
integration
Conduct
Output

18
Q

Morphological Characteristics of Axon(4)

A

1 or more axon per neuron

Varys in length but remains constant

1 or more pre and post synaptic specializations

No myelin

19
Q

3 Cellular characteristics of Axons (SAD) and what do they do

A

Synapses: communication point between 2 neurons
axon: axon hillock and myelination
dendrites : receive and integrate synaptic signals

20
Q

3 functional neuron classes (SIM)

A

sensory
interneuron
motor

21
Q

3 structural neuron classes (the polar bears) One two many…

A

Uni polar-1
Bi polar-2
Multi polar-many

22
Q

3 Types of Glia cells (MAM) and what other cells relate to those 3 groups ?

A

Myelinating Glia- schwann cells
Astroglia- Radial glia
Micro glia

23
Q

what is myelinating glia ? (the big hug)

A

At Glia cell membrane, myelins produced and wraps around axins

24
Q

2 Functions of myelinating Glia (AS)

A

Action potential conduction
Structural support

25
Q

Clinical importance of Myelinating Glia (2)

A

Type 1A tooth disease
peripheral myelin protein

26
Q

Astroglia 3 functions

A

compartmentalizations and physical support for neurons

Regulates chemicals in extra cellular space

Supports formation of BBB

27
Q

definition of Radial glia and it’s function

A

It’s a young astroglia

To guide neuronal migration during development and to mature into an astroglia

28
Q

What happens to Micro glia throughout development

A

Numerous and active during development, numerous and inactive in adulthood

29
Q

What are the immune cells called and what group do they belong to?

phag

A

Phagocytose debrese
found in Microglia group

30
Q

Where are ependymal cells and endothelial cells located?

A

ependymal: cerebroventricular system
endothelial: blood vessel walls, BBB

31
Q

why do we need blood brain barrier (BBB) but not barrier in liver or kidney?(4)

A

functional importance
brains disproportionate exposure to blood
heavy reliance on chemical communication
Limited ability for brain repairs

32
Q

How is blood brain barrier achieved? think roads and when they’re busy

A

Endothelial cells (main star)
routes are reduced -resulting in tight junctions
tight junctions

33
Q

What is able to get through blood brain barrier? (4)

A

Small uncharged molecules
Actively transported
Lipid soluble
Water soluble

34
Q

What is not able to get through blood brain barrier

A

Big things/cells
Large polar molecules
charged molecules

35
Q

Clinical importance of Blood brain barrier

A

Breakdown of barrier could play a role in Nervous system disorders and is a critical consideration when designing brain drugs

36
Q

Blood brain barrier: Disorders helped or seen changes in:

Remember Bath’ em

A

Brain tumours
alzheimer’s
trauma brain injury
hypertension
epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis

Darrens class Midterm (10 decks)

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