Lectures 10-12 Flashcards
what’s N.O.G (3 types of nervous system cells)
Neurons
Other cells
Glia cells
How many neurons are in the human body and what do neurons represent
100,000,000,000 in human body (triple 3’s)
Main signaling units in Nervous sytem
What 3 types of cells fall under Other cells?
endothelial cells
ependymal cells
micro glia
How many Glial cells do humans have and how many kinds of glial cells are in this category ?
100,000,000,000,000 (quadruple 4’s) and 7 types of glial cells are in this category
How are neurons utilized in Nervous system? (the star actor)
interconnections enable everything from basic reflexes to cognitive function
What are the double r’s for neurons , what can they not do ?
Replicate
replace
Cannot be replicated or replaced once gone
what are “other cells” utilized for in Nervous system? (Co star)
Variety of important supporting roles
What are Glia cells utilized for in Nervous system? (Co star)
Plays primarily supporting role
How do neurons communicate ?
Neuron sends , processes and receives signals then stores information as well
How do neurons communicate? PSA and 1)… 2)… processes
Combo of electrical and chemical processes as well as Post synaptic signaling, Synaptic transmission and Action potential
Neurons structure typically has ……. cellular characteristics
Eukaryotic
what are the cellular characteristics? NPC
Nucleas
Plasmalemma
Cytoplasm
what’s inside cytoplasm?
(2)
Cytosol
Cyto skeleton
What’s inside membrane organelles? REP
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Polysomes
4 distinct cellular characteristics of a neuron ( 4 parts of an Axon) SADS
Shape: cell body (soma)
Axon
Dendrites
Synapse
what function do axons have?
Hint: theres someone on trains who gives the go for everything
Conduct action potentials and transmit synaptic signals
4 Parts of method to an Axon
in in on out
Input
integration
Conduct
Output
Morphological Characteristics of Axon(4)
1 or more axon per neuron
Varys in length but remains constant
1 or more pre and post synaptic specializations
No myelin
3 Cellular characteristics of Axons (SAD) and what do they do
Synapses: communication point between 2 neurons
axon: axon hillock and myelination
dendrites : receive and integrate synaptic signals
3 functional neuron classes (SIM)
sensory
interneuron
motor
3 structural neuron classes (the polar bears) One two many…
Uni polar-1
Bi polar-2
Multi polar-many
3 Types of Glia cells (MAM) and what other cells relate to those 3 groups ?
Myelinating Glia- schwann cells
Astroglia- Radial glia
Micro glia
what is myelinating glia ? (the big hug)
At Glia cell membrane, myelins produced and wraps around axins
2 Functions of myelinating Glia (AS)
Action potential conduction
Structural support
Clinical importance of Myelinating Glia (2)
Type 1A tooth disease
peripheral myelin protein
Astroglia 3 functions
compartmentalizations and physical support for neurons
Regulates chemicals in extra cellular space
Supports formation of BBB
definition of Radial glia and it’s function
It’s a young astroglia
To guide neuronal migration during development and to mature into an astroglia
What happens to Micro glia throughout development
Numerous and active during development, numerous and inactive in adulthood
What are the immune cells called and what group do they belong to?
phag
Phagocytose debrese
found in Microglia group
Where are ependymal cells and endothelial cells located?
ependymal: cerebroventricular system
endothelial: blood vessel walls, BBB
why do we need blood brain barrier (BBB) but not barrier in liver or kidney?(4)
functional importance
brains disproportionate exposure to blood
heavy reliance on chemical communication
Limited ability for brain repairs
How is blood brain barrier achieved? think roads and when they’re busy
Endothelial cells (main star)
routes are reduced -resulting in tight junctions
tight junctions
What is able to get through blood brain barrier? (4)
Small uncharged molecules
Actively transported
Lipid soluble
Water soluble
What is not able to get through blood brain barrier
Big things/cells
Large polar molecules
charged molecules
Clinical importance of Blood brain barrier
Breakdown of barrier could play a role in Nervous system disorders and is a critical consideration when designing brain drugs
Blood brain barrier: Disorders helped or seen changes in:
Remember Bath’ em
Brain tumours
alzheimer’s
trauma brain injury
hypertension
epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
