Lecture 22-25 Flashcards
How do antagonists affect neurotransmission? (One each for five steps) (blocks,promotes)
Blocks/reduces synthesis of NT
blocks reduces storage in vesicles
Blocks reduces/release of NT
block or reduce activation of NT receptors
promote re uptake NT breakdown
How do agonists affect neurotransmission?( enhance,promote,activate,block reduce)
enhance synthesis of NT
enhance storage in vesicle
promote or directly cause NT to release
activate NT receptors or enhance sensitivity
Blocks/reduce NT re uptake
why do some people have more side effects then others? due to four things (NS,metabo,circ,interact)
All our nervous system are different
all metabolize drugs differently
circulation
how drug interacts with body
What are drug effects?
Drugs produce effects we do/don’t want
What are the three complications of drugs? (affect more,psych effects determined..,nature of..)
many drugs Affects more than one type of NT
psychological effects are determined by how drug affects info processing in brain circuits
How drug alters circuit depends upon nature of it
what are the two drugs that effect neurotransmission in more than one way and how? (e,c)
ecstasy-effects vesicular storage and reuptake for serotonin
cocaine-inhibits dopamine re uptake transporter and activates dopamine receptor
What do drug effects relate to? (where in..,functions of
drugs effects relate to where drug is distributed in brain and functions of NT/receptor
What are side effects? and how are they produced
changes we don’t want produced by drugs effect on synapses
what’s the ideal drug? 3 things should be effected (only1.., particular b..vary) Produce..
produce desired effect in brain and circuits
Affects only 1 NT/receptor
affects particular brain area
effects aren’t varied (1 thing)
What are recreational drugs?
meds we take cause we like them not because we need them
What effects do drugs produce and what two mechanisms mediate drug effects? (psy,phys) (psyc..s and c)
drugs produce psychological physiological effects
Mechanisms that mediate drugs: psychoactive synapses and circuits
what’s the prevalence of rec. drugs?
1/20 people misuse drugs on regular basis in USA
relationship between dosage and effect of drug? and what are the routes of administration?
Route of administration matters, most effective inhalation
Other routes: oral,injection,trans nasal,trans dermal
Where was nicotine found how long did it take to spread globally and routes of administration for it? (3 routes)
South america took less than 400 years to spread globally
Routes of administration: Inhalent,trans dermal,trans mucusol
very lipid soluble, get nic sick from sticking butt in a bucket of nicotine
What are the four psychological effects of nicotine? (increase a,suppress,enhance cog..,stimulates…)
Increases arousal
enhance cognitive ability’s
stimulates nausea
suppress appetite
what are the 2 physiological effects of nicotine? (increased..,reduced..)
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
reduced muscle tone- relaxed feeling of smoking
Nicotine mechanism of actions (2 steps) and what is nicotines NT receptor and receptor and is it agonist or antagonist?
NT Receptor is acetylcholine, is agonist. RECEPTOR: cholinergic receptor
- Acetylcholine produces effects by activating cholinergic receptors in post synaptic neurons
- Nicotine then acts by activating certain cholinergic receptor
How’s ethyl alcohal produced? (yeast having a feast)(can be con..)
produced by fermentation of edible sugars and can be concentrated through distillation
How to find dose of alcohal taken? (volume,%)
volume drank times the percentage of alcohal =dose taken of alc.
3 steps to alcohols clearance and how does it take to clear alcohol?
(IMD)
INPUT- drinking alcohal
metabolized by alcohal dehydrogenase enzyme
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme destroys alcohol molecule
up to 24 hrs
Enzymes are inducable what’s that mean? Depends upon 2 things (t.L,B.M)
How much your body makes of enzyme depends upon, varys highly
1. tolerance levels
2. body mass
how much alcohol effects you depends on two things:
d,a
dosage
absorption of body
Alcohol is eliminated passively through?
(KLSS)
Kidneys
lungs-breath out alchohol
molecule
stinken drunken-smell drunk
skin-secretes alcohol molecule through pores
What are BAL and the equation for
a male?
blood alcohol
levels, alcohol (mg) divided by 100 ml blood
equation for adult male : approx number of drinks (ml) - time consumed(hrs) *0.015