Lectures 10,11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20 Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
fascia definition
A
- if removed all other structures the fascia would show the image of the person
- A sheet or band of fibrous tissue such as lies deep to the skin and forms an investment for muscles and various other organs.
2
Q
fascia is derived from
A
mesoderm
3
Q
three basic elements of fascia
A
1) Cells (fibroblasts and macrophages)
2) Ground substance (embedded in a chiefly carbohydrate ground substance)
3) Fibers (interlacing protein fibers as of collagen).
4
Q
continuity of fascia
A
Marked by uninterrupted extension in space, time, or sequence : continuing without intermission or recurring regularly after minute interruptions.
5
Q
contiguity of fascia
A
- Being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point.
- Touching or connected throughout in an unbroken sequence (contiguous row houses).
6
Q
The continuous and contiguous properties of fascia defines the concept
A
of the body as a unified whole.
7
Q
With respoect to fascia the body is NOT
A
simply groups of discrete regions or separated systems.
8
Q
fascia is a sheet of CT that (3)
A
1) Compartmentalizes the body.
2) Envelops specific structures.
3) Segregates one area from another.
9
Q
fascia function:
A
- supports and stabilizes the tissues it surrouned
- discipates force throughout body
- assists in control of motion–> has contractile properties
10
Q
fascia composition is
A
colloid like (glue like)
11
Q
to discipate force/energy fascia is organized…
A
along the same stress lines as the direction of force within the tissue.
12
Q
fascia is controlled by:
A
1) Hormones (endocrine system)
2) Nerv`es of position (proprioception)
13
Q
4 P’s of fascia
A
postural
protection
packagin
passageways
14
Q
postural P of fascia
A
- assists with maintaining upright posture with dense supporting tissues
- limits and directs muscle motion
- guides contraction and motion of muscles
- distributes stress
15
Q
protective P of fascia
A
- Sheaths, protects, supports nerves and blood vessels.
- All nerves perforate or are encompassed by fascia.
16
Q
packaging P of fascia
A
- Some form of fascia surrounds every nerve, bone, muscle, and organ.
- Channels energy of muscles into a specific action while simultaneously preventing rupture and tearing.
- Gives shape and form to muscle groups.
17
Q
passageway P of fascia
A
- Fascia forms planes and thus passageways between anatomic structures.
- Fascia provides fluid for lubrication, and movement of nutrients.
- Fascia keeps veins open and widens them
18
Q
passageway function of fascia and cells of body
A
- since the fascia effects the immediate external environment ofeveryliving cell—> influence the metabolism of all cells
- different pressure or tension will alter nutriton and waste diffusion
19
Q
changes in the fascia …
A
can alter or reduce ALL functions
20
Q
major damage to function and structure of the body is when the ___ fascia is damaged
A
horizontal - the diaphragms of the body
21
Q
wolffs law and fascia
A
- bone is increased where needed and resorbed where not needed
- bones and soft tissue deform depedning on the stresses–> the longer and the more force== the tissue cant regain previous elastic shape/function
22
Q
calcium and bones and wolffs law
A
Ca is laid down along lines of stress = bony internal remodeling, bony spurs, joint immobility and calcified ligaments
23
Q
layers of fascia
A
superficial
deep
subserious
24
Q
superficial fascia
A
- Is attached to the undersurface of the skin.
- loosely knit–> skin can be moved over deeper structures
- contains: fat, vascular structures. nerve tissues
25
deep fascia
- Is tough, tight and compact.
- Contains a variety of different tissue types including loose connective, dense regular, and dense irregular.
- Compartmentalizes the body: Envelopes and separates muscles; Surrounds and separates internal organs; Contributes to the contour and function of the body.
- binds nerves, Bv and lymphatics
26
subserous fascia
- Lies innermost on the deep layer anywhere there is a body cavity.
- Is a loose areolar tissue covering of the visceral organs.
- The many small circulatory channels and fluid within this layer lubricate the surfaces of the internal viscera.
27
fascia response to stress
- nflammatory
- elastic deformation
- creep
- hysteresis
28
inflammatory changes
- Damaged tissue cells release substances that activate the inflammation process.
- Erythema (increased blood flow to the area).
- Local increase in capillary permeability (leakage of almost pure plasma into the area and clotting of the tissue fluid).
- leucocytes
- INGROWTH OF FIBROUS TISSUE
29
elsatic deformation
- Fascia’s intimate connection to muscle provides the opportunity for contraction and relaxation.
- Fascia has elasticity that allows it to retain its shape and respond to deformation (resists staying transformed).
- Elastic deformation is the ability of fascia to recover its original shape when the load is removed.
30
creep
- If a load is great and applied for a long period, fascia may not be able to recover its original size/shape resulting in plastic deformation.
- When subjected to an extension load and held constant, fascia has the capacity to “creep”.
- explains long term stresses on CT = loss of elasticity
31
hysteresis
- Fascia has the capacity to change when subjected to stress and lose energy.
- This phenomenon is “hysteresis” and is roughly the time between elasticity and creep
- During the loading and unloading of connective tissue, the restoration of the final length of the tissue occurs at a rate and to an extent less than during deformation (loading).---->these differences represent energy loss in the connective tissue system. (=This difference in viscoelastic behavior (and energy loss) is known as hysteresis (or stress-strain). )
32
manipulation of SD addresses the
FASCIA MOFO
33
soft tissues are
anything except bone and organ
34
uses for soft tissue and fascial treatments
ALLOWS PHYS TO ID STRAIN PATTERNS
- therapeutic - relaxes and restores symmetry of muscle tension and/or length
- diagnostic - assists phys to recognize tissues that are not in their msost ideal state
- adjunct to other treatment modalities
35
general goals of soft tissue techniques
1) mechanical - muscle and fascial relax and stretch
2) circulatory - inc bloodflow and lymph return
3) neuronal - pain releif, inh or stimulation, address viscerosomatics
- SECONDARY GOALS:MIND AND SPIRIT OF PT
36
dont use soft tissue when
- acture trauma
- infection
- deep vein thrombosis
- spondylolisthesis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- downs syndrome
- ankylosing spondylitis
37
traction technique
stretch
38
kneading technique
perpendicular OR parallel
| rhythmic
39
HVLA IS
passive direct
40
ME IS
active direct
41
SOFT TISSUE IS
passive direct
42
S/CS IS
passive indirect
43
MYOFASCIAL RELEASE IS
passive direct OR indirect
44
effleurage
stroking mvoement used to move lymph tissue
45
petrissage
kneading or squeezing action
46
tapotement
striking the belly of a muscle... n shit]
47
CCP is
- a series of functional, near-physiologic, alternating body torsions.
- Is maintained by muscle and fascia.
- Decreases the efficiency of essential body functions:respir,circul,autonom blaance
48
torsions chane:
structure and function
49
normal resting tension in fascial system is disturbed by
the framework twists of CCP that increase resting tenison of fasica
50
body torsions of CPP increase
physiologic resting dural tensio=
less lymph/venous return
reduce respiritory efficiency=vulnerability to disease
51
CCP decreases the efficiency of
the diaphragm system (less venous and lmyph return)
52
CCP on organs
torsions of CCP cause autonomic instability to organs and vascular structures
53
Issues with CCP on healthy indiv vs older
not as big of issues in yunger people unless the body is stressed by a disease or injury
in older folks withchronic issues CCP issues become more profound
54
the more tender a visceral pathology is
the more tenderness is appreciated. the nerve at that area has been facilitated!
55
acute viscerosomatic reflex characteristics
- inc skin temp
- inc skin moisture
- inc skin drag (due to moisture)
- skin texture changes, thickening
- inc subcutaneous edema
- deep paravertebral muscle spasm
- USUALLY JUST THE TISSUE TEXTURE CHANGES AND TENDERNESS
56
chronic viscerosomatic reflex characteristics
- dec temp related to local vasospasm
- dec sweating = dec skin drag
- thickening for skin and subcutaneous tissues
- muscles are hard and tense
- localized muscle contraction of two or adjacent spinal segments with restriction of segmental spinal motion
- USUALLY GET LOSS OF ROM
57
somatic dysfunction that is the result of a viscerosomatic reflex is primarily
of diagnostic value - treated by treating the causative visceral pathology (medicine)
58
Goal in treating the ANS is to..
| HOW?
restore normal homeostatic influences of the sympathetics and parasympathetic
NEED TO TREAT SD IN RELEVANT AREAS TO BALANCE THE ANS
59
viscerosomatic reflexes offer
- clues to the location and severity of etiologic pathology
| - most often identified as tissue texture abn and tenderness in the areas that share the same innervation
60
VS reflexes need to be treated by first
treating the vausative visceral pathology
61
id red flags.... (when)
ANYTIME DURING COURSE OF PROVIDING CARE TO PT
| IF THE PT DOESNT MEET YOUR EXPECTIONS OR THEIR EXPECTATIONS
62
walking and innominates
when step forward with right foot the right innominate moves posterior. When right heel hits the ground the right innominate moves into anterior positioning. Let foot begins to move and the left innomiate goes from posterior to anterior as did the rigth.
63
breathing and innomaite movment
inhale=outflare
| exhale = inflare
64
neurological model
attempt to help normalize the nervous system by providing OMT
65
bioenergy model
attempt to balance the inherent energies of the body by providing OMT
66
psychobeh model
attempt to break the pain-anxiety pain cycle of which anger or fear may be a component with OMT
67
biocmech model
attempt to reelive/prevent pain by providing OMT
68
respiratory/circulatory model
- make sure that all tissues have good source of oxygen and can get rid of their waste
* ***-use OMM to optimize respirtation to optimize circulation
69
exhalation
lungs recoil passively ---> ribs move down/diaphragm moves up (intrathoracic pressure = +) --> air flows out of the lings (venous blood and lymphatic fluid falls back and rests upon the one way valves
70
inhalation
ribs move up/diaphragm moves down (intrathoracic pressure = -) -->lungs expanded ---> air flows into lung (venous blood and lymphatic fluid is drawn from the peripher toward the thorax)
71
exhalation and lymph/venous movement
HIT VALVES
72
inhalation and lymph/venous movemetn
MOVES TOWARD THORAX
73
diaphragms of the respir/circ model?
```
sibsons fascia (cervicothoracic)
thoracoabdominal diaphragm (thoracolumbar junction)
```
74
sibsons fascia does what/
promotes superficial venous and lymphatic return from the head and neck
75
thoracoabdominal diaphragm attachments******
- B/L lower 6 ribs
- xiphoid process
- left crus - ant surpace of bodies L1-L2
- right crus - ant surface of bodies of L1-L3
