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OMM > Cervical Spine I > Flashcards

Cervical Spine I Flashcards

1
Q

fucntions/ goal of cervical spine

A

goal: keep the eyes level - compensates for SD in other areas of the body

  • Transfers weight from a 2-column (occipital condyles) to a 3-column system (body of cervical vertebrae + two facet joints)
  • protection
  • support an dmobility
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2
Q

curve of cervical spine

A

lordotic

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3
Q

cervical - level where are problems most common

A

C5-C6

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4
Q

superior facets of cervical face:

A

backwards, upwards, and medial (BUM)

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5
Q

bifid cervical vertebrae?

A

C3-C6

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6
Q

C3-C6 info:

A
  • Saddle shaped bodies
  • Short, bifid spinous processes
  • Short, modified bifid transverse processes with transverse foramen for the vertebral arteries
  • Superior facets face BUM
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7
Q

large non-bifid spinous process?

A

C7

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8
Q

C7 info

A
  • Thick, long non-bifid spinous process
  • Vertebral Prominens
  • Large, non bifid transverse processes
  • Vertebral artery does not pass through the transverse foramen (the vertebrae vein however)
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9
Q

Atlas C1 info

A
  • No vertebral body…
  • No spinous process
  • Concave superior facets
  • Palpable transverse processes=not bifid
  • No disc between the occiput & the atlas (Occipital-Atlantal [OA] joint)
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10
Q

Axis C2 info

A
  • Modified Vertebral body
  • Odontoid process (dens)serves as the body of C1
  • No disc between atlas & axis (Atlanto-Axial [AA] joint)
  • Superior facet articulations are convex and articulate with convex cartilage covering the inferior facets of C1
  • Convex on convex apposition (AA joint)
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11
Q

Zygapophyseal Joints

A
  • Facet joints
  • Located between
    a) Inferior articular facet of the superior vertebra &
    b) Superior articular facet of the inferior vertebra
  • Superior facet at an angle: BUM
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12
Q

In contrast to the thoracic and lumbar spine, we are palpating

A

the facets rather than transverse processes for diagnosis

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13
Q

Joints of Luschka (Uncovertebral Joints) - functions

A
  • Located at the lateral/posterior surface of the cervical vertebral bodies
  • Guides cervical motion
  • Supports lateral side of cervical discs
  • Protects cervical nerves from pressure
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14
Q

Classic area for degeneration & spur formation

A

Joints of Luschka (Uncovertebral Joints) -

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15
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament prevents

A

hyperextension

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16
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament prevents

A

hyperflexion

17
Q

Ligamentum Flavum - prevents

A

separation of the vertebral lamina, stopping abrupt flexion of the vertebral column (whiplash

18
Q

Nuchal Ligament provides muscular attachment for which muscles?

A

splenius cervicis
splenius capitis
upper trap

19
Q

Alar Ligament

A
  • goes from C2 to the occiput:
  • Two strong bands that extend from the side of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum of the occiput
  • Limits rotation
20
Q

Transverse ligament

A
  • goes from C1 across the dens to C1
  • Holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1
  • Anterior surface of the spinal cord lies immediately posterior to the dens
21
Q

down syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis patients have issues with which ligaments?

A
  • increased laxity of the Alar ligaments and the Transverse ligaments
  • can pinch the spinal cord
22
Q

find C1 landmark

A

– Between the angle of the mandible & mastoid process

23
Q

find C2 landmark

A

angle of mandible

24
Q

find C3 landmark

A

hyoid bone

25
Q

find C4 landmark

A

superior thyroid cartilage

26
Q

find C5 landmark

A

inf thyroid cartilage

27
Q

find C6 landmark

A

cricoid cartilage

28
Q

find C7 landmark

A

vertebral prominens

29
Q

muscles that span a few vertebrae

A

-Suboccipital Triangle: Rectus Capitis post major; Obliquus capitis superior; Obliquus capitis inferior
-Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
-Short Restrictors: Rotatores
Intertransversarii; Interspinales

30
Q

muscles that span entire cervical spine anteriorly

A

-SCM
-scaene (ant, middle, posterior)
omohyoid
-platysma

31
Q

Occipital-Atlanto Joint

A
  • “Yes” joint
  • Flexion & extension greatest at the OA joint
  • Two articulations are formed by the occipital condyles & the superior articular facets of the atlas (C1)
  • Occipital condyles are convex
  • Superior articular facets of the atlas (C1) are concave
  • No disc between joint
32
Q

Occipital-Atlanto Joint - primary movements

A
  • Flexion & Extension (Type II mechanics)

- Due to the condyles of the occiput

33
Q

during flexion of the head

A

occipital condyle slides posterior

34
Q

during extension of the head

A

occipital condyle slides anterior

35
Q

Occipital-Atlanto Joint - secondary movements

A

Coupled sidebending & rotation to opposite sides (Type I mechanics)
Multiple reasons for motion coupling
Sidebending
One occipital condyle slides upward on one side of the atlas and downward on the other (~5° in each direction)
Rotation
Coupled with sidebending

36
Q

Atlanto-Axial Joint - 4 articulations

A
  • —Right & Left zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)
  • Convex inferior cartilage of the atlas articulates with the convex superior facets of the axis
  • —Dens articulation
  • Anterior surface of the dens articulates with the atlas
  • Posterior surface of the dens articulates with the transverse ligament
37
Q

Atlanto-Axial Joint - primary motion

A

Primary Motion = Rotation
**“No” joint **
50% of cervical rotation occurs at the AA joint
Secondary motion = small
amounts of flexion & extension

OMM (24 decks)

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