Lecture 12 Tensegrity

Question 1

Tensegrity-the definitions (3)

Answer 1

1) balance between compression and tension in a 3D structure
2) tension and compression that yields str and resilience greater than the individual parts
3) Combination of continuous members and discontinuous members in a structure such that each performs and produces a rigid form

Question 2

Why study tensegrity?

Answer 2

• Helps us understand the effects of postural stress, compensation, adaptation, or decompensation.IE if something happens in one area of the body then the body compensates (adapt) if you are healthy or falls apart if not healthy (decompensate).
• Explains why the energy cost of being upright is low - tensional neutral formed.
• If the system fails our posture will fail. If the system is failing then our health will fail.

Question 3

Who coined tensegrity?

Answer 3

Buckminster Fuller - “island of compression inside an ocean of tension” opposing forces

Question 4

What guarantees the structural shape?

Answer 4

finitely closed, comprehensively continuous, tensional behaviors of the system. NOT by the discontinuous and exclusively local compressional member behaviors

Question 5

How tensegrity can be applied to OMM/Medicine?

Answer 5

****You can move the parts around without causing the system to fall apart.****

Question 6

Kenneth Snelson

Answer 6

sculptures popularized the concept of tensegrity - he saw it as floating compression - Snelson made the “X’piece” to illustrate that if you move part of the structure the rest compensates

Question 7

Donald Ingber

Answer 7

saw tensegrity as “the architecture of life” - tension and compression of callular system organize cellular infrastructure and connect the contents of the cell (including the nucleus) to the ECM. Everything that the cell does ties into this model.

Question 8

Dr Stephen Levin

Answer 8

Orthopedic surgeon who coined biotensegrity = applying tensegrity to principles of biologic structures such as muscles, bones, fascia, ligaments, tendons, rigid/elastic membranes - which are made to be strong by the union of the tensioned and compressed parts

Question 9

what do tension bearing members do?
Tension forces are where?
What does this do for us?

Answer 9

1) map out the shortest paths between adjacent members = arranged geodesically.
2) Tensional forces naturally transmit themselves over the shortest distance between two points.
3) allows for maximum strength and stability with motion (adapation).

Question 10

Anti-tensegrity is perfect for:

Answer 10

inanimateobjects: rigid, axial loading, gravitationally oriented support system.

Question 11

Two types of tensegrity structures:

Answer 11

1) frameworks made up of rigit struts - each of which can bear tension or compression
2) Ones that stabilize themselves through a phenomenon known as prestress

Question 12

Rigid Strut structures

Answer 12

1) each strut can bear tension or compression
2) Usually framework of connected shapes
3) Each strut has a join with a fixed position and this assures stability of the whole

Question 13

Prestress structures

Answer 13

1) Certain structural members bear only tension while others bear only compression
2) Force on one structure changed something in every other structure.
3) Counteracting forces = self-stability

Question 14

bones

Answer 14

compression struts - discontinuous compression

Question 15

muslces, tendons, ligaments, CT

Answer 15

tension bearing members - provide continuous pull

Question 16

Cell tensegrity system

Answer 16

(Ingber) - microtubules = struts and microfilaments = tension

Question 17

synergy of muscle and bone=

Answer 17

where the tension and compression elements of body system organize the infrastructure and connect all parts

Question 18

What connects all the various tensegrity systems of the body?

Answer 18

fascia - it touches the entire BODY.

Question 19

How do somatic dysfunctions cause disease?

Answer 19

Any increase in tension causes dis-ease throughout the whole system and causes disease at all levels - structure = function.

Question 20

Various Tensegrity concepts (3)

Answer 20

1) Self assembly of the tiers of tensegrity systems
2) Cells are pre-stressed structures - cells respond to force by distributing the force evenly - microtubules and microfillaments
3) Mechanotransduction - refers to mechanisms by which cells convert mech stimulus into chemical activity (responsible for proprioception, touch, balance and hearing) - response varies- the cell is going to do different things under stress - transfer of environmental signals to biochemical signals to produce cellular response - via nucleus - nucleus moves too!

Question 21

microtubules and microfilaments attach to:

Answer 21

(Pre-stressed structures) to the ECM via integrin proteins (transmembrane) - transfer of stress to the environment and environment transmitting stress into the cell and directly to nucleus.

Question 22

normalcy

Answer 22

necessary for normal function of the whole

Question 23

body translational areas

Answer 23

part of the body where there is a lot of motion ex) junction of skull and cervical spine, Abnormalities from one area are reflected here - normally there is a lot of mobility at this area

Question 24

Primary importance of model’s connecting elements:

Answer 24

facial patterning and musculoligamentous tensions

Question 25

goal of OMM

Answer 25

ensure that the body is as free of dis-ease and as resistant to disease as possible.
Facilitate body neutrlity.

Question 26

body neutral is which state?

Answer 26

relative ease

Question 27

what should you look for as a doctor?

Answer 27

relative dis-ease - things that fall out of normal body pattern

Question 28

precursor to almost all diseases?

Answer 28

edema -fuid accumulation

Question 29

mechanotrnsduction basically is…

Answer 29

• get signals from outside and transmit through structure = cellular response***
• cells c0nvert mechanical stimulus into chemical activity
• RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR SPECIAL SENSES
• this is a variable response
• nucleus under tension works differently.

Question 30

***Changing cytoskeletal geometry and mechanics could (MECHANOTRANSDUCTION)

Answer 30

adffect biochemical reactions and even alter genes == changing proteins that are made.

Question 31

*****hypomobility due to SD can cause

Answer 31

compensatory hypermobility at transitional areas (creates issues at areas where there is a lot of movement) AND VICE VERSA hyper causing hypomobiliy

Question 32

*****primary importance as the models connecting elements…

Answer 32

is fascial patterning and musculoligamentous tensions

Question 33

*****change stressed to the cell changes

Answer 33

FUNCTION of the cell

Question 34

*****SD cause

Answer 34

disruption bw the balance of tension and compression elements of tensegrity system causing problems on cellular level and up.

Question 35

****restrictions to motion cuase

Answer 35

improper venous and lymphatic return = passive conjection = disease

Question 36

body neutral state is called

Answer 36

ease state