Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OMM > Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6 > Flashcards

Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What did A.T. Still do?

A
  • saw relationship bw structures of musculoskel and function in health and diease
  • experimented with manipulation and found better results than with other treatments of his day
  • practiced surgery, obstetrics (midwifery), and patient education (moderation and avoidance-alcohol and smoking)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Philosophy of Disease on diease (CLassic)

A
  • disease is the effect of an abnormal anatomic state with subsequent physiologic breakdown and decreased host adaptability.
  • decreased host adaptability (process of getting sick)can be influenced further by adverse environmental conditions to cause more disease.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

philosopy of disease on symptoms (CLassic)

A
  • symptoms often were due to an artery not feeding blood to an area=decreased function=disease
  • BV controled by nerves that can be irritated by incorrectly positioned bones or ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

philoophy of disease fluid accumulation (CLassic)

A
  • irritated or improperly fucntioning areas have accumulation of fluid from poor drainage of veins and lymph system
  • pathophysiologic processes (DISEASE) is commonly created by accumulation of fluids (congestion/inflammation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteopathic tenets were formed from ____ by ____.

A

many osteoppathic principles

by kirksville college of osteopath med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 tenets of osteopathy

A

1) The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit.
2) The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance.
3) Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.
4) Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pain in the body affects

A

thinking
emotions
eventually function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anxiety of the mind and nervousness affects

A

increased tension in muscles
muscle disease
stomach disease (ulcers)
intestinal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Someone who does not feel accepted (spiritual) can end up with …

A

with huge levels of stress that can lead to ulcers, head aches, chronic pains, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Surgery depends on…

A

the body’s ability to heal its wounds once the ends are approximated and fixed in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when are atrophied muscles able to re-grow?

A

when nerves are relieved with OMM, therapies or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Viscerosomatic reflex is and does?

A

T5-T9 on the left affec tthe function of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does C5 do?

A

innervates and affects the function of the Rhomboids (upper back muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A slightly shorter leg can affect…

A

(its a myofascial triggerpoint) the knee, low back and head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rational treatment includes… and IF NOT?

A

OMM!

If NOT, then tenets1-4 represent regular medicine, which is not irrational but it is then osteopathically incomplete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OMM…

A
  • Restores proper function in the human body by manually treating abnormal structure found in the musculoskeletal system.
  • Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) is ONLY ONE of the many ways the osteopathic physician treats patients.
  • OMM is among the founding principles of the profession
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OMM’s function:

A

1) OMM is designed to find and relieve Somatic Dysfunctions (SD)
2) A SD is a musculoskeletal restriction in motion that affects the patient’s function.
3) This can only be diagnosed by observation and palpation for asymmetry, tissue texture changes and motion abnormalities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Somatic dysfunctions classical definition:

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: Skeletal; Arthrodial; Myofascial structures; And their related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SD Concept: we need to view the clinical presentation (Illness) as a _____ and not just as a _____.

A

combination of factors

NOT JUST AS A DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

disease is almost always combined wtih…

A

a somatic dysfunction in the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complete clinical presentation a pt comes in with is…

A

the disease PLUS the host response to illness (the SD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anterior vertebral body is for

A

weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vertebral arch function

A

protects the spianl cord

formed by the R and L pedicles and laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vertebral foramen function

A

space behind the body of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

vertebral canal fucntion

A

houses the spinal cord and meninges

made by the succession of the vertebral foramina in the articulated column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pedicles function

A

Join the vertebral arch to the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

laminae fucntion

A

Two braoad, flat plates of bone which project from the pedicles and unite in the posterior midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Intervertebral (or Neural) Foramen

A

Formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Spinous Process

A
  • Projects posteriorly from the junction of the lalminae

- Function as muscle attachment to provide movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Transverse Processes

A
  • Project posterolaterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae
  • Function as muscle attachments to provide movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Articular Processes

A
  • Two superior
  • Two inferior
  • Also arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, each bearing an articular surface or Facet
  • Function to restrict (or guide) movement
  • Pars Interarticularis is the portion of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

intervertebral disks

A
  • shock absorber of the spine and is made up of two main parts:
    1) The Annulus Fibrosus; the outer layer of the disc, which is a fibroelastic mesh made up largely of fibrocartilage.
    2) The Nucleus Pulposus; a gel-like substance inside the ring of the annulus fibrosus, made up of mucopolysaccharides.—> This is an avascular tissue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

T11 and T12 act like

A

act like lumbar vertebrae because they are not attached anteriorly to the thoracic cage through the ribs

have floating ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Functional nubering of the thoracic and lumbar spine

A
  • TEN thoracic

- 7 LUMBAR (BC T11 and T12 are LIKE LUMBAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Two major types of curves in the spine:

A

1) Kyphotic Curve: where the concavity of the spinal curve is anterior
The thoracic and sacral curves are normal kyphotic curves.
2) Lordotic Curves: where the concavity of the spinal curve is posterior.
The cervical and lumbar curves are normal lordotic curves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Kyphosis and Lordosis

“-OSIS” ending?

A

NOT normal curves - Exaggerated curves
“-osis” is a word element meaning disease; morbid state; poor healing; degeneration
In this case it means: abnormal increase.

37
Q

scoliosis

A
  • Always abnormal
  • Lateral curvature of the spine
  • The functional impairment caused by scoliosis depends on the degree of curvature
38
Q

Thoracic kyphossi due to:

A

-Degenerative disc disease (as in old age)
Osteoporosis, from anterior compression (or wedge) fractures: Dowager’s hump is when a thoracic kyphosis is caused by osteoporosis.
Postural: Flexed Somatic Dysfunctions in the thoracic spine

39
Q

Dowager’s hump

A

when a thoracic kyphosis is caused by osteoporosis.

40
Q

Lumbar lordosis

A
  • Abnormal increase in the lumbar lordotic curve
  • Characterized by an anterior rotation of the pelvis at the hip joints producing an abnormal increase in the lumbar curvature.
  • The sacral base (or top of the sacrum) tilts forward.
  • associated with weak trunk musculature
41
Q

Pregnant women have what kind of curve?

A

lordosis

42
Q

Lordotic and Kyphotic curves are

A

NORMAL - The term is defined normal

dont need to say Normal lordotic curve

43
Q

four functions of the spine

A

1) Provide support for ligaments, muscles, and tendons that attach to the spinal column.
2) Provides protection for the CNS: spinal cord and the meninges.
3) Weight bearing: Spine is very, very durable and bears the weight of the whole body and head.
4) Cushioning Effect

44
Q

sagittal plane divides body into

A

R and L halves

45
Q

What movement occurs within the sagittal plane?

A

flexion/extension within

46
Q

What movement occurs within the coronal plane?

A

side bending

Also: The thoracic spine articulations face in the coronal spine.

47
Q

What movement occurs within the horizontal plane?

A

rotations

48
Q

four motions of the spine

A

1) Flexion: Straight forward bending (sagittal plane)
2) Extension: Straight backward bending (sagittal plane)
3) Side bending: lateral bending (coronal plane); Sidebent side is the concave side
4) Rotation: movement around a vertical axis (transverse plane); Anterior aspect of the body points to direction of rotation

49
Q

Flexion loads the

Flexion stretches the

A

Loads the anterior elements (vertebral body, discs)

Stretches the posterior elements and posterior muscles.

50
Q

Extension loads the

Extension stretches the

A

Loads the posterior elements (facets, pars interarticularis)

Stretches the anterior elements and muscles.

51
Q

Sidebending loads

Sidebending opens

Sidebending stretches

A

Loads the facets on one side, closing the neuroforaminal canal

Opens the facets on the other side

Stretches elements and muscles on the opposite side

52
Q

naming rotations by using

A

the ant superior surface of the vertebrae

53
Q

Functional Vertebral Unit

A
  • Vertebral Unit: Two adjacent vertebrae with their associated intervertebral disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, vascular, lymphatic and neural elements.
  • The motion of one vertebra is not described as if it moved in space all by itself; it is described as it moves in relation to the vertebra below.
  • So the side-bent vertebra is the one on top of the one below.
  • This applies for rotation, flexion/extension, etc.
54
Q

typical cervical vertebrae are

A

C3-C6

55
Q

Typical Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics:

A
  • Saddle shape, small bodies; these have the smallest bodies of the spine.
  • Spinous processes are bifid (divide at the tip) allowing for more muscle attachments.
  • There are holes or foramen in the transverse processes for the vertebral artery and veins to pass through.
56
Q

The vertebral arteries pass through the transverse foramen of vertebrae

A

C1-C6

57
Q

characteristics of C7

A
  • C7 has a long non-bifid spinous process
  • vertebral artery does not pass through the transverse foramina
  • C7 also has the longest transverse processes of the cervical spine
58
Q

C1 characteristics

A
  • Atlas, is an atypical vertebra –> no body.
  • It has a very small spinous process.
  • The occipital bone rests on the ring of C1.
  • This shape allows for flexion and extension.
  • (occiput and C1) = joint.
59
Q

C2 characteristics

A
  • Axis; atypical vertebra.
  • The dens/odontoid process is a modified body; this provides the function of rotation.
  • The dens and odontoid bones form the “NO” joint.
  • Over 50% of rotation occurs in this joint.
60
Q

thoracic spine

A
  • KEY THING: has facets for rib articulation- on vertebral bodies and transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
  • bodies =heart shaped and long slender spinous process
  • articulations of intervertebral facets are facing in coronal plane
61
Q

lumbar spine

A
  • large kidney shaped bodies
  • LARGEST BODIES AND INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS
  • articulations of intervertebral facets are facing in sagittal plane
62
Q

sacrum

A
  • wedge shaped (triangular)
  • bw spine and ilia
  • 4 foramina on each side - for nerves to exit through
63
Q

ant longitudinal ligament

A

Main function :
Prevents hyperextension of the spine
-STRONGER THAN POSTERIOR LONG LIG

64
Q

post longitudinal ligament

A
  • This ligament covers the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs from the body of the axis (C2) to the sacrum
  • Function: prevents hyperflexion
  • most freqwuent area for disc herniation
65
Q

erector spinae

A

illiocostalis
longisimus
spinales

66
Q

Palpation is

A

of using the hands to uncover and receive information without disrupting tissue.

67
Q

active motion

A

movement by pateint

68
Q

passive motion

A

movement by physician while pt remains relaxed

69
Q

Need what for proper OMM

A
  • practiced palpaton

- knowledge of ANATMOY (KNOWING NORMAL)

70
Q

The osteopathic structural exam is used to… by…

WHen is it done?

A

to be done after medical history and physical exam

find somatic dysfunction in any part of the body

by havin ght epateint in multiple positions to provide static and dynamic eval

OBSERVE, PALPATE, ASK ABOUT PAIN

71
Q

static eval

A 
NO MOVEMENT - assess for:
Abnormal position (side-to-side comparison)
Bony or soft tissue abnormalities 
Tenderness 
Temperature
72
Q

dynamic eval

A

phys induces movement or asks the pt to mvoe something (ACTIVE AND PASSIVE)
assess for:
Restricted range of motion (ROM)
Pain – if present ask “Where is the pain?”
Crepitus (a feeling of grinding that may or may not be audible)
Joint popping or clicking (may or may not be audible)

73
Q

Proper Osteopathic structural exam and manual medicine treatment are dependent upon

A

Palpation: static, motion (passive & active)
visual inspection
communication with the patient
knowledge of normal structure
knowledge of abnormal structure and how it affects function
knowledge of disease

74
Q

3 cardinal steps in in every proper Dx and Tx with OMM

A

1) Diagnosis of the specific structure (SD).
2) Treatment of the specific SD.
3) Rechecking of the specific SD just treated to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

ALL DEPENDS ON PALPATION

75
Q

Process of Palpation: Description (way to remember describe)

A

T.A.R.T.
T=tissue texture abnormality (TTA)

A=Asymmetry (side to side difference),

R=restriction of motion

T=Tenderness (not pain)

76
Q

Pains chronic/acute

A

acute=severe cutting or sharp

chronic=dull achy with paresthesias

77
Q

skin changes acute/chronic

A

acute=warm moist red enflamed

chronic=cool, pale

78
Q

vasculature acute/chronic

A

acute=vasodilation inflammation edema

chronic=constricted due to sympathetics

79
Q

sympathetic activity acute/chronic

A

acute=increased (vasodilation)

chronic=local vasoconstriction due to hypersympathetic tone

80
Q

musculature acute/chronic

A

acute=inc muscle tone

chronic=decreased muscle tone

81
Q

mobility chronic/acute

A

acute=range of motion normal but qualit yis sluggish

chronic=ROM is diminished but quality of remaining movemnet is normal

82
Q

soft tissues acute/chronic

A

acute=boody edema, acute congestion, fluids from vascular leakage, chemical reaction i nthe tissues
chronic=congestion, cloughy, stringy fibrotic, increased resistance to penetration, contracted, contractured

83
Q

achexa acute/chronic

A

acute=moist skin, no trophic changes

chronic=scaly dry skin, pimples, follicullitis, altered pigmentation

84
Q

vaisceral acute chronic

A

acute=minimal somatovisceral reflect effects

chronic=common somatovisceral reflex effects

85
Q

dorsum of the foot is the

A

top of the foot

86
Q

dorsum of the hand is the

A

back of the hand

87
Q

lumbar puncture b/w

A

4th and 5th lumbar

88
Q

iliac crests

A

level of L4

OMM (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions