Lecture Week 1 Flashcards
What is anatomy?
Study of structure
What is physiology?
Study of function
What are the principle levels of organization in humans?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What are the basic principles of the cell theory?
-Cells are the structural building blocks of all organisms
-New cells only arise when other cell divides
-Cells are the smallest units of life
What is a theory?
Best current explanation for something that we’ve observed - can always be disproven
What is tissue?
Collection of similarly specialized cells
What are the 4 main categories of tissues?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Neural/Nervous
What is Epithelial Tissue?
-Covers and protects exposed surfaces
-Lines internal passageways and chambers
What is connective tissue?
-Fills internal spaces
-Provides structural support
-Stores energy
What does muscle tissue do?
Contracts to produce movement
What are fibers?
Cells of muscle tissues
What does nervous tissue do?
-Contains cells called neurons that help nerve impulses communicate
-conducts electrical impulses
-carries information
What are organs?
Formed from collection of different tissue
What is an organ system?
Team of organs that work together
What is an organism?
Everything working together in the body
What is homeostasis?
Refers to a stable internal environment
How do you maintain homeostasis?
Homeostatic regulation
What is homeostatic regulation?
-Drives system back to where it should be
-Occurs by responding when conditions move from set point
What are the three components of Homeostatic Regulation?
-Receptor: monitors
-Control Center: coordinates response
-Effector: directs factor back to set point
What does the hypothalamus do?
Monitors body temp
What happens when the body temp drops below normal?
Nervous system signals dermal vessels to constrict
What happens when the body temp gets too high?
Nerve impulses are sent out which causes warm blood flow to lose excess heat causing temp to drop
How does Homeostatic regulation primarily operate?
By negative feedback
How to describe anatomical position?
Standing up right, feet pointing forward, limbs at sides of body, palms of hands facing forward
Anterior (Ventral)
In front
Posterior (Dorsal)
Behind
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Medial
Closer to midline
Lateral
Farther from midline
Proximal
Closer to attachment point (ex. elbow is proximal to shoulder)
Distal
Farther from attachment point (ex. wrist is distal to shoulder)
Superficial
Closer to body surface
Deep
More internal
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane divides body left and right
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
Cuts through body separating superior and inferior portion
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Separates front and back of body
What are the two main body cavities?
Dorsal and Ventral