Lecture Unit 2 Ch 14

Question 1

What protects the brain?

Answer 1

• Cranial bones
• Cranial meninges (pia, arachnoid, dura mater)
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 2

How does blood flow to the brain?

Answer 2

Via the vertebral and carotid arteries

Question 3

How does blood flow back into the heart?

Answer 3

Via the jugular veins

Question 4

How much oxygen supply does the brain use?

Answer 4

About 20%

Question 5

What happens if the brains oxygen supply is interuppted?

Answer 5

Results in weakening, permanent damage, or death of brain cells

Question 6

Side effects of glucose deficiency?

Answer 6

Mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions, and unconsciousness

Question 7

What is the blood - brain barrier (BBB)?

Answer 7

Protects brains cells by acting as a selective barrier to prevent substances from passing through blood into the brain. Can prevent entry of therapeutic drugs

Question 8

What happens to the BBB if there is a brain injury

Answer 8

BBB may breakdown and permits the passage of substances through the brain tissue

Question 9

What is Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 9

A liquid that protects the brains and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries.

Question 10

What does CSF carry and where?

Answer 10

Oxygen, glucose, and other substances from the blood to nervous tissue cells

Question 11

3 components of brainstem

Answer 11

Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrains

Question 12

What is reticular formation

Answer 12

Helps regulate muscle tone, alerts cortex to incoming sensory signals, and maintains consciousness and awakening from sleep

Question 13

Functions of cerebellum

Answer 13

Coordination of skeletal muscle contractions, and maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture, and balance

Question 14

3 components of diencephalon

Answer 14

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 15

Thalamus function

Answer 15

Relay station for sensory impulses (except smell) to cerebral cortex

Question 16

Hypothalamus function

Answer 16

Controls many body activities and major regulator of homeostasis

Question 17

Epithalamus function

Answer 17

Secretes melanin and involved in olfaction

Question 18

What do parts of the diencephalon and circumventricular organs lack

Answer 18

Blood - brain barrier

Question 19

What do circumventricular organs (CVO) do?

Answer 19

coordinate homeostatic activities of the endocrine and nervous system

Question 20

What is the cerebral cortex made up of

Answer 20

Gray matter

Question 21

Where is the limbic system found?

Answer 21

In the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 22

What are brain waves

Answer 22

Indicate electrical activity of the cerebral cortex

Question 23

Cerebrocascular accident (stroke)

Answer 23

Loss of blood flow to the brain which damages brain tissue

Question 24

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 24

Temporary blockage of blood flow to brain

Question 25

Alzhimer’s

Answer 25

Brain cells degenerate and die, making a person loose mental function

Question 26

Medulla Oblongata functions

Answer 26

Heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing

Question 27

Pons functions

Answer 27

Control of respiration

Question 28

Midbrain functions

Answer 28

Regulates auditory and visual reflexes

Question 29

The limbic system

Answer 29

Processing emotions