Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 106 > Discussion Unit 1 > Flashcards

Discussion Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of cardiovascular system + function

A

Blood - transports substances; Heart - pumps blood; Blood Vessels - transports blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of blood w/ percentages

A

Plasma (55%) Buffy coat (less than 1%) Red blood cells (45%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of blood made of

A

Plasma - Proteins (7%) water (91.5%) other solutes (1.5%); Buffy coat - white blood cells and platelets (cell fragments); Red blood cells - erythrocytes (RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hematocrit

A

Percentage of Erythrocytes (RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Internal factors of hematocrit

A

Sex and Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External factors of hematocrit

A

Altitude (since a higher altitude means less O2, the body will make more RBC to use less O2 more efficiently )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythrocytes characteristic and function

A

Biconcave and nucleated, lifespan is 120 days, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues and lungs. Use hemoglobin. Removed by spleen, recycled by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe hemoglobin

A

Iron - containing, oxygen transport protein, in RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) characteristic and function

A

True cells (contain nucleus), 1.5-3 times larger, contain cellular organelles, no hemoglobin. Initiate immune response, can leave the blood vessels (diapedesis), attract to site of infection (chemotaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes- neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil Agranulocytes- lymphocyte, monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Granulocyte vs Agranulocyte

A

presence vs absence of visible organelles known as granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Phagocytize bacteria
  • Most numerous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • Granulocytes
  • React to antibodies and allergens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Basophils

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Heparins (inhibits clotting)
  • Histamine (allergic)
  • Serotonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monocytes

A
  • Agranulocytes
  • Phagocytize bacteria, transform into wandering macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Mediate immune response
  • T-lymphocytes directly attack cells
  • B-lymphocytes develop plasma cells to secrete antibodies
  • Natural killer cells (NK cells) attack abnormal and infected tissue cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thrombocytes (Platelets) characteristic and function

A

Irregular, small, membrane-enclosed cellular fragments (from bone marrow), produced in red bone marrow by megakaryocytes, work with fibrin for blood clotting and coagulation (web of fibrin is produced and traps erythrocytes and platelets to stop blood blow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antigens

A

On surface of RBC (makes it specific)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antibodies

A

Within blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If someone is type A, what antigen and antibody do they carry?

A

A-antigen and Anti-B antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens is a surface antigen comes in contact with an opposing antibody?

A

If a B-antigen were to come in contact with type A blood, the two would attract together and agglutination would occur - clumping and hemolysis (destruction of blood cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rh+ vs Rh-

A

Rh+ - common, can interact with Rh-, have Rh antigens
Rh- - rare, cannot interact with Rh+, lack Rh antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rh effect on pregnancy/blood transfusions?

A

Only in Rh- people, if mother gets pregnant with Rh+ baby first time around, mother will build up anti-Rh- antibodies (to fight Rh), and will keep those antibodies after pregnancy, if pregnant again with another Rh+ baby, those already existing antibodies will attack the baby in second pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who can donate to who?

A

Type O - universal donor
Type AB - universal acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most common and least common blood type?

A

Type O and Type AB

26
Q

3 components of plasma (ECF)

A

Water (92%) - facilitates transport, Proteins (7%), Solutes (1.5%) - regulate pH

27
Q

Albumins (Plasma protein)

A

Regulate water transfer between the blood and interstitial fluid (pH, blood pressure, viscosity)

28
Q

Globulins (Plasma protein)

A

Includes immunoglobulins (antibodies), which attack foreign pathogens

29
Q

Fibrinogen (Plasma protein)

A

Responsible for blood clot formation

30
Q

Regulatory proteins (Plasma protein)

A

Enzymes and hormones

31
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A
  • Hereditary blood disorder
  • Cell has sickle shape instead of circle (hemoglobin is distorted - decrease O2 flow)
  • Connection with malaria (can protect from malaria, places were malaria is more common have higher sickle cell genes)
  • Managements: bone marrow transfusion, transfusion therapy
32
Q

Hemophilia

A
  • Hereditary blood disorder
  • Carried on X chromosome so usually males have it and females carry gene without expressing it
  • Blood clot disorder (insufficient amount)
  • Managements: supplemental clotting factors, trying not to bleed
33
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart, oxygen rich (reason for red)

34
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood towards heart, oxygen poor (reason for blue)

35
Q

Capillary bed

A

Allows for exchange between blood and tissues, exchange O2 and nutrients

36
Q

Great vessels

A

Arteries and veins directly connected to heart

37
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue histology

A

Striated, one central nucleus, branching pattern of cells, intercalated discs (gap junctions that allow for rapid communication)

38
Q

Heart anatomy overview

A

Fist-sized, conical shape, left of midline, posterior to sternum, inside pericardial cavity (which is in the mediastinum), right side is more anterior

39
Q

Pericardium

A

encloses heart

40
Q

Mediastinum

A

encloses pericardium

41
Q

Pleural

A

encloses lungs

42
Q

Base of heart

A

superior

43
Q

Apex

A

pointed end, inferior, sits on diaphragm

44
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

sac of fibrous CT that envelopes heart , prevents overfilling and excessive movement

45
Q

Serous pericardium

A

secretes fluid for lubrication

46
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

layer lines inside of fibrous pericardium

47
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

directly covers outer surface of heart

48
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal

49
Q

Tissue layers of heart wall

A

epicardium (= visceral pericardium) - composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar CT (fat), above

myocardium - cardiac muscle; thickest layer of heart wall

endocardium - specialized simple squamous epithelial tissue and areolar CT, below

50
Q

Where is blood pumped

A

Blood is flowing in one direction, between heart to lungs and then back to heart then through body, starts in right side of heart to lungs then back to left side of heart. right side=low pressure, left side=high pressure, right side of heart receives oxygen poor blood and left side receives oxygen rich blood. Blood starts off oxygen poor in heart then goes back in oxygen rich bc of lungs

51
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

drains blood from above the diaphragm

52
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

drains blood from the lower limbs and trunk

53
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

drains blood from the heart wall, takes deoxygenated blood.

54
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

first valve blood goes through, separates right atrium and right ventricle
blood flows from right atrium through the valve into the right ventricle
valve is pulled open when RV relaxes and closes when RV contracts to prevent blood flow backwards
Right ventricle receives deoxygenated

55
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

Muscular projections on heart

56
Q

Chordae tedineae

A

web like structure, anchored by papillary muscles

57
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

58
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

divided by pulmonary trunk, carries deoxygenated blood to lungs, in center of heart

59
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

left atrium and left ventricle, blood is now oxygenated

60
Q

left ventricle

A

thickest chamber

61
Q

aortic valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta (similar to pulmonary valve

A&P 106 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions