Lecture Unit 2 Ch 13

Question 1

Functions of Spinal Cord

Answer 1

• Processes Reflexes
• Integrates EPSPs and IPSPs
• Conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to effectors

Question 2

What do spinal nerves help connect?

Answer 2

Connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands that are apart of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 3

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 3

31 pairs

Question 4

What are dermatomes?

Answer 4

Segments of the skin that are supplied by spinal nerves and carry nerve impulses to the brain

Question 5

How many pairs of dermatomes are there?

Answer 5

30 pairs

Question 6

Where are dermatomes located?

Answer 6

Out of each vertebrae (first one being C2)

Question 7

How does the spinal cord maintain homeostasis?

Answer 7

By propagating nerve signals and integrating information

Question 8

How does information in white matter travel in the spinal cord?

Answer 8

White matter conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain

Question 9

How does information in the gray matter travel in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Gray matter receives and integrates incoming and outgoing information to perform spinal reflexes

Question 10

Define reflex

Answer 10

A fast, involuntary, unplanned response to a particular stimulus

Question 11

What part of the spinal cord is the integrating center for a reflex?

Answer 11

Gray matter

Question 12

What does a reflex do to the body?

Answer 12

Maintains homeostasis

Question 13

Ipsilateral

Answer 13

Reflex that occurs on same side of stimulus

Question 14

Contralateral

Answer 14

Reflex that occurs on opposite side of stimulus

Question 15

Monosynaptic

Answer 15

Reflex arc that provides direct communication between sensory and motor neurons innervating the muscle

Question 16

Polysynaptic

Answer 16

Uses interneurons to pass signals between sensory and motor neurons which creates multiple synaptic connections

Question 17

Reciprocal innervation

Answer 17

One set of muscles receives signal for reflex action, antagonistic set of muscles receive signal that inhibits action.

Question 18

Stretch reflex

Answer 18

Causes contraction of a muscle that has been stretched

Question 19

Tendon reflex

Answer 19

Causes relaxation of the muscle attached to the stimulated tendon

Question 20

Flexor (Withdrawal) reflex

Answer 20

Causes withdrawal of a limb to avoid injury or pain

Question 21

Crossed-extensor reflex

Answer 21

Maintains balance during a withdrawal reflex

Question 22

Monoplegia

Answer 22

1 limb paralyzed

Question 23

Paraplegia

Answer 23

Lower limbs paralyzed

Question 24

Hemiplegia

Answer 24

1 side of body paralyzed

Question 25

Quadriplegia

Answer 25

4 limbs paralyzed

Question 26

What does the damage from traumatic injuries depend on?

Answer 26

Degree of spinal cord section
or
Degree of compression of the segments involved

Question 27

Spinal cord compression

Answer 27

External compression of spinal cord causing neurological symptoms

Question 28

Degenerative diseases

Answer 28

Disease in which structure of affected tissue/organs worsen over time
ex = Alzheimer’s, osteoporosis

Question 29

Shingles

Answer 29

Painful rash that develops on one side of face or body. Reactivated version of chicken pox’s

Question 30

Poliomyelitis

Answer 30

Infectious viral disease that affects central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis