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Bio110 > lecture test on respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems > Flashcards

lecture test on respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of respiratory system

A

gas exchange btwn the external environment and the blood

purify, humidify and warm incoming air

helps maintain pH of body

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2
Q

what are the organs of the respiratory system

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs-alveoli

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3
Q

what is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system

A

Nose

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4
Q

what are the structural features of the nose

A

external nostrils (nares)
Nasal cavity divided by a nasal septum
oral cavity- hard palate, soft palate
conchae-increase air turbulence
lined with respiratory mucosa
olfactory receptors located in the mucosa on superior surface

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5
Q

what are air filled cavities surround the nasal cavity, lined with mucous membrane.

A

paranasal sinuses, lighten skull and resonate voice

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6
Q

what are the functions of the larynx

A

directs air and food into the proper passageways
plays a role in speech

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7
Q

what vibrates with expelled air to create sound

A

true vocal cords or vocal folds (in larynx)
made of hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

what routes food to the esophagus and air to the trachea? prevents food from entering the larynx

A

epiglottis

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9
Q

what kind of tissue lines the trachea

A

the lumen is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

cilia beat continuously toward pharynx
removes dust and other debris from lungs

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10
Q

What is the air-blood barrier that O2 and CO2 have to cross it is the basement membrane

A

in the respiratory membrane

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11
Q

where does gas exchange occur in the lungs

A

alveoli

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12
Q

region of air flow

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

region of gas exchange

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli (air sac)
https://youtu.be/Um_OZLWr7Kk

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14
Q

Completely mechanical process that depends on
volume and pressure changes in the thoracic cavity. when volume changes –> pressure changes. moving air into and out of lungs

which event of respiration is commonly called breathing

A

pulmonary ventilation
when volume changes pressure changes

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15
Q

inspiration=inhalation
what is main muscle of inspiration

A

 DIAPHRAGM and external intercostal muscles
contract
 Lung volume increases
 Pressure lower in lungs than in atmosphere
 Air flows into lung

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16
Q

expiration=exhalation

A

Largely a passive process
 Inspiratory muscles relax and lungs recoil
 Lung volume decreases
 Pressure higher in lungs than in atmosphere
 Air flow out of lungs

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17
Q

what sets basic rhythm of breathing

A

medulla

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18
Q

what controls respiratory rate

A

pons

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19
Q

contains surfactant secreting cells
composed of the alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
composed largely of thin layers of squamous cells
air-blood barrier where gas exchange occurs by simple diffusion

A

the respiratory membrane

The respiratory membrane includes Alveolar and capillary walls fused to their basement membranes

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

A

alveoli

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22
Q

In the blood, what is bound to hemoglobin (a protein found in red blood cells)

A

oxygen
When oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the surrounding capillaries, it enters a red blood cell and binds to hemoglobin.

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23
Q

After blood becomes oxygenated,

A

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

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24
Q

what is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

A

hemoglobin

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25
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

CO2 is released from the mitochondria
CO2 diffuses into capillary
CO2 is carried to the lungs
CO2 diffuses into an alveolus
air exits through nose or mouth

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26
Q

the events of gas exchange

A

breathing moves air in & out of lungs
O2 diffuses from alveoli in the lungs into capillaries
O2 enters RBC where it binds to the protein hemoglobin
O2 diffuses from the blood to the body’s tissues & CO2 diffuses from the tissues to the blood
CO2 leaves the body when exhale

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27
Q

how oxygen is transported in the body

A

O2 diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries
O2 enters a RBC
O2 binds to a molecule of hemoglobin
O2 is carried through blood vessels to a capillary
O2 diffuses from the blood to the body’s tissues

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28
Q

the path that air follows to reach the lungs

A

air enters through the nose or mouth
air travels down the trachea and then enters the bronchi
air travels down smaller and smaller bronchioles
air reaches small sacs called alveoli

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29
Q

what is the main stimulus for increasing rate and depth of breathing

A

CO2- this is the most important stimulus for breathing

https://youtu.be/bNIxsKT_qdA

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30
Q

Which of the following would increase the pH of blood leading to alkalosis?

A

hyperventilating

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31
Q

What is normal expiration during quiet breathing in healthy people?

A

As the intrapulmonary pressure rises, air moves out of the lungs.

As the intrapulmonary volume decreases, the gases inside the lungs are forced more closely together.

The diaphragm relaxes, the ribcage descends, and the lungs recoil.

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32
Q

In the control of respiration, nerve impulses along the phrenic nerves move from where to where?

A

The medulla oblongata to the diaphragm

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33
Q

Amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs with a normal inhalation or exhalation

A

tidal volume

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34
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

A

vital capacity

https://youtu.be/cwp7Mhuc62o

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35
Q

Amount of air that can be inhaled following a normal inhalation

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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36
Q

Amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation

A

expiratory reserve volume

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37
Q

from superficial (outermost) to deep (innermost):

  1. lung
  2. pleural cavity (space)
  3. visceral (pulmonary) pleura
  4. parietal pleura
A

parietal pleura
pleural cavity
visceral pleura
lung

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38
Q

what is the function of the digestive system

A

Ingestion
digestion
absorption
defecation

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39
Q

what are the accessory digestive organs

A

teeth
salivary gland
pancreas
liver
gall bladder

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40
Q

what is pathway for alimentary canal?

A

mouth
pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
esophagus
stomach
cardioesophageal sphincter
gastric rugae
pyloric sphincter
small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
large intestine
Ileocecum valve
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Semoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal
anus

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41
Q

serosa

A

visceral peritoneum-membrane on external surface of alimentary canal

parietal peritoneum-membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity, forms the mesenteries

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42
Q

lingual and palatine

A

tonsils

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43
Q

what forces food through pharynx and into the esophagus

A

peristalsis- alternating contractions of longitudinal and circular muscle layers

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44
Q

functions of stomach

A

mechanical digestion of food (churning)
begins enzymatic breakdown of protein
delivers chyme to the small intestine

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45
Q

gastric glands that secrete pepsinogen

A

chief cells

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46
Q

gastric glands that produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

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47
Q

gastric glands that produce bicarbonate rich alkaline mucus

A

mucous cells

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48
Q

what empties chyme in 4 to 6hrs

A

stomach empties

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49
Q

what region receives chyme, bile, & pancreatic juice

A

duodenum

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50
Q

what ends at the ileocecal valve

A

ileum

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51
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine

A

absorb water-compaction & electrolytes
eliminate feces

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52
Q

how many teeth is a full dentition

A

32 teeth

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53
Q

what are the functions of teeth

A

incisors-bite off pieces of food
canine-grasp and tear food
premolars-grind food particles
molars-grind food particles

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54
Q

what is hardest substance in the body

A

enamel

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55
Q

where the pulp cavity extends into the root

A

root canal

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56
Q

what are salivary glands

A

parotid gland-salivary gland located in front of the ear
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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57
Q

What juices do the pancreas produce?

A

enzymes-chemical digestion

bicarbonate- neutralizes acidic chyme

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58
Q

what does gall bladder store and do

A

stores and concentrates bile
bile ducts carry bile to the duodenum for fat digestion

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59
Q

where does most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs

A

jejunum

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60
Q

What is the mechanical digestion that prepares food for enzymatic digestion?

A

mastication-chewing
churning of food
peristalsis

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61
Q

what are the major nutrients

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
water

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62
Q

what are two classes of chemical reactions in metabolism

A

catabolism-substances are broken down to simpler substances energy is released

anabolism-larger molecules are built from smaller ones, energy is consumed

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63
Q

preferred source to produce cellular energy (ATP)

A

carbohydrate metabolism
glucose(blood sugar)-energy is released when glucose is oxidized is used to produce ATP

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64
Q

has numerous goblet cells in its mucosa.

It has longitudinal bands of muscle called teniae coli, which pucker to form small sacs called haustra.

It includes the cecum, the colon, and the rectum

A

large intestine
absorbs water and electrolytes from feces; compaction

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65
Q

what enzyme does Carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

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66
Q

the enzyme for Protein digestion in the stomach

A

pepsin

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67
Q

the enzyme for Protein digestion in the small intestine

A

trypsin

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68
Q

the enzyme for Fat digestion in the small intestine

A

pancreatic lipase

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69
Q

what enzyme for Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine

A

brush border enzymes

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70
Q

Which of the following are roles of the liver?

A

Production of bile

Detoxification of drugs and alcohol

Glycogen storage

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71
Q

the innermost layer of the alimentary canal that lines the lumen.

A

mucosa

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72
Q

Shaped like a worm, the appendix projects inferiorly from which region of the large intestine?

A

cecum

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73
Q

Which of the following is the major means of propelling the bolus and chyme through the digestive tract?

A

peristalsis

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74
Q

The fingerlike projections of the small intestine mucosa, which are so important in nutrient absorption, are the

A

villi

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75
Q

series of chemical reactions used to synthesize ATP in presence of oxygen

A

cellular respiration

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76
Q

permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine

A

circular folds

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77
Q

bulges present of the external surface of the large intestine

A

haustra

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78
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

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79
Q

produced by liver to help emulsify fats

A

bile

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80
Q

amount of energy used by node per hour at rest

A

basal metabolic rate
actors that influence BMR
1. Thyroid hormone level - primary factor
2. Surface area—a small body usually has a higher
BMR
3. Gender—males tend to have higher BMRs
4. Age—children and adolescents have higher BMRs

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81
Q

Physiological acidosis refers to which range of pH values for arterial blood?

A

7.0-7.35

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82
Q

Which of the following is an organ that differs in males and females both structurally and functionally?

A

urethra

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83
Q

What substance produced by the kidneys helps regulate blood pressure?

A

renin

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84
Q

Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would directly enter which of the following?

A

glomerulus

85
Q

Which fluid compartment contains about two-thirds of total body fluid?

A

intracellular fluid

86
Q

what is out to air tube

A

urethra

87
Q

funnel urine to renal pelvis, receive urine from collecting ducts

A

calyces

88
Q

what are structural and functional units of the kidneys, 1 million/kidney, responsible for forming urine

A

nephrons

89
Q

what does collecting duct do

A

receives fluid from many nephrons
concentrates urine by reabsorbing water from filtrate
directs urine into the calyces and renal pelvis

90
Q

what is normal urine production per day

A

1.0-1.8 liters produced in 24hrs

91
Q

Renal artery provides each kidney with arterial
blood supply
◦ Plasma is filtered at

A

glomerulus

92
Q

Most filtrate is reabsorbed by

A

peritubular capillaries

93
Q

where is plasma filtered

A

renal corpuscle glomerulus

94
Q

what is ball-shaped knot of capillaries

A

glomerulus

95
Q

what is the cup-shaped hollow structure that forms the outer wall of the renal corpuscle

A

glomerular (bowman’s) capsule

96
Q

Coiled structure that is continuous with the renal corpuscle

A

proximal convoluted tubule PCT

97
Q

U-shaped structure that dips toward or into the renal medulla

A

nephron loop

98
Q

Coiled structure that extends to a collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule DCT

99
Q

what is most common type of nephron located almost completely within the renal cortex

A

cortical nephrons

100
Q

The smooth triangular region at the base of the bladder is called the

A

trigone
3 opening 2 from ureters 1 to the urethra

101
Q

In the process of tubular secretion, substances move from the

A

peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule

102
Q

Which of the following is normally present in the glomerular filtrate but not normally present in the urine?

A

glucose

103
Q

Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the urinary bladder?

A

cystitis

104
Q

Starting at the apex of a medullary pyramid, which is the correct sequence of structures through which urine flows to reach the exterior of the body?

A

Calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

105
Q

What is the most superficial region of the kidney?

A

renal cortex

106
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates tubular reabsorption of ___

A

water only

107
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the formation of a large volume of urine?

A

polyuria

108
Q

Which of the following are nitrogenous waste products?

A

urea
uric acid
creatinine

109
Q

What are the two main parts of a nephron?

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

110
Q

The wall of the urinary bladder is composed of three layers of smooth muscle called the __________, and its mucosa consists of __________.

A

detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium

The first layer is the lining on the inside of your bladder.It is called the transitional epithelium or urothelium. The second layer is a thin layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria. The third layer is muscle tissue called the muscularis propria.

111
Q

The return of substances from the renal tubules of the nephrons to the blood is known as _______

A

tubular reabsorption

112
Q

The triangular regions in the medulla of the kidney are called renal __________.

A

pyramids

113
Q

what is emptying of the urinary bladder

A

micturition
reflex causes the internal sphincter to open when stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated

114
Q

what occupies three main fluid compartments

A

intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular.

115
Q

Urine formation is the result of three processes

A

A. Glomerular filtration
B. Tubular reabsorption
C. Tubular secretion
Urine Formation
Glomerular filtration
◦ Water and small solutes move from glomerulus into
glomerular capsule
◦ Proteins and blood cells are normally too large to be
filtered
◦ Filtrate flows into renal tubule
Urine Formation
◦ Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
 Volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys per minute
(115-125 ml/min)
 180L/day
 Plasma filtered 60x/day

116
Q

What is fluid outside cells
about 1/3 of body fluids

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)
* Fluid outside cells
* About ⅓ of body fluids
* Extracellular fluids
* Blood plasma
* Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid), cerebrospinal and
serous fluids, humors of the eye and lymph, et

117
Q

intracellular fluid

A
  • Fluid inside cells
  • About ⅔ of body fluid
118
Q

what is smooth collapsible muscular sac lined with a mucous membrane

A

urinary bladder

119
Q

what are the sources of water output

A

lungs
perspiration
feces
urine

120
Q

Water and Electrolyte Balance
Hormones are primarily responsible for reabsorption
of water and electrolytes by the kidneys

A
  • antidiuretic hormone ADH
    Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
  • Prevents excessive water loss in the urine
  • Aldosterone
  • Increases Na+ reabsorption; decreases K+ reabsorption
121
Q

Maintaining Acid-Base Balance
Blood pH must remain between

A

7.35 and 7.45 to
maintain homeostasis
◦ Alkalosis—pH above 7.45
◦ Acidosis—pH below 7.35

122
Q

Prevent dramatic changes in H+ concentrations
◦ Bind to H+ when pH drops
◦ Release H+ when pH rises

A

blood buffers

123
Q

Respiratory Mechanism
When blood pH falls (H+ concentration too high

A

Respiratory rate increases
◦ H+ used to “make” CO2; CO2 is exhaled;
◦ H+ concentration decreases; raising pH to normal range
CO2 + H2O  H2CO3  H+ + HCO3−

124
Q

When blood pH increases (H+ concentration too low)

A

◦ Respiratory rate decreases
◦ CO2 is retained; “converted” to H+
◦ H+ concentration increases; lowering pH to normal range
CO2 + H2O  H2CO3  H+ + HCO3−

125
Q

urine pH varies from

A

4.5-8.0

126
Q

Receive substances reabsorbed from filtrate

A

Peritubular capillaries

127
Q

A fast acting system for regulating body ph

A

Respiratory system

128
Q

Glomerulus plus glomerular capsule

A

Renal corpuscle

129
Q

Hormone that increases sodium absorption from filtrate

A

Aldosterone

130
Q

Process that occurs within renal corpuscle

A

Plasma filtration

131
Q

Receive urine from collecting ducts

A

Calyces

132
Q

Involved in long term regulation of body pH

A

Kidneys

133
Q

Type of nephron located at boundary of cortex and medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

134
Q

Outer region of kidney

A

Renal cortex

135
Q

Location of thirst center

A

Hypothalamus

136
Q

Functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

137
Q

Fluid within nephron

A

Filtrate

138
Q

Hormone necessary to concentrate urine

A

Antidiuretic hormone

139
Q

Chemical system that prevents dramatic changes in blood pH

A

Blood buffers

140
Q

what is a structure of a follicle

A

oocyte (immature egg) follicular cells- layers of cells that surround the oocyte

141
Q

what contains an immature oocyte

A

primary follicle

142
Q

what is ovulation

A

a vesicular follicle ruptures and releases a secondary oocyte
occurs about day 14 of cycle

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its contents occur during ovulation

a surge in luteinizing hormone causes ovulation

143
Q

what is hormone of first 2 weeks of ovulation is being secreted

A

estrogen

144
Q

what is the inner layer of the uterus

regenerates during the uterine cycle

A

endometrium
allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs

145
Q

what is ability to release eggs begins and ends reproductive ability when?

A

puberty
menopause

the total supply of eggs is determined before a female is born

146
Q

smooth muscle that contracts during labor

A

myometrium

147
Q

what part of the uterus projects into the vaginal canal

A

cervix

The narrow portion of the uterus that extends inferiorly into the superior region of the vagina is known as the cervix

148
Q

what is the process of producing ova (eggs)

A

oogenesis

149
Q

explain follicle maturation

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicles
to mature
Primary follicle
◦ Single layer of cells surrounding
oocyte (day 1)
◦ Growing follicle
◦ Antrum, zona pellucida, corona
radiata
◦ Mature vesicular follicle
◦ Corpus luteum (days 15-28)
◦ Forms after ovulation

150
Q

which layer of the uterus sloughs off during menstruation

A

functional layer of the endometrium

151
Q

secondary oocyte + polar body

A

has 23 chromosomes
each chromosomes composed of 2 sister chromatids

152
Q

zygote is composed of?

A

46 chromosomes are formed by union of nucleus of egg and nucleus of sperm (fertilization)
sperm contributes 23 chromosomes
egg contributes 23 chromosomes

153
Q

what happens if fertilization occurs

A

sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24hrours after

embryo produces a hormone that causes the corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones

an oocyte is viable up to 24hrs after ovulation
sperm are viable up to 48hrs after ejaculation

154
Q

when does zygote become a fetus

A

week 9 until birth it is considered a fetus

155
Q

production of sperm and egg is called

A

spermatogenesis (produced in seminiferous tubules)

and oogenesis

156
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm cells by
meiotic cell division
begins at puberty
occurs in the seminiferous tubules

157
Q

what happens when primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis

A

one primary spermatocyte produces
4 haploid spermatids
a)spermatids 23 chromosomes
b) spermatids further mature into sperm cells via spermiogenesis

4 daughter cells not genetically identical

158
Q

what is external region penis at the end

A

prepuce (foreskin)

159
Q

male stem cell initiates mitosis

A

follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates spermatogonia to divide by mitosis

160
Q

what activates the sperm

A

prostate, secretes a milky fluid helps to activate sperm
fluid enters the urethra through several small ducts

161
Q

what are the two steps of spermatogenesis
how long is entire proccess

A

meiosis is first step
spermatogenesis is second step

2 to 3 months, 64 to 72days to produce sperm cells

162
Q

what is the product of spermatogenesis

A

4 sperm cells that are not genetically identical

163
Q

what is the most important hormone of the testes

A

testosterone
produced by interstitial cells in the testes

164
Q

once the placenta has formed, umbilical cord contains umbilical arteries and vein

a fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo called amnion
the placenta forms a barrier btwn mother and embryo (blood not exchanged)

and functions of placenta are

A

amnion forms-amnion is the fluid filled sac

Placenta- *Delivers oxygen and nutrients to fetal blood
*Produces progesterone and estrogens that help maintain pregnancy
*Removes waste products from fetal blood

165
Q

what is the series of events that expel the infant from the urterus

A

labor, childbirth (parturition)

166
Q

what initiates labor, which hormone causes uterine contractions

A

oxytocin from the posterior pituitary stimulates rhythmic, expulsive contractions of the myometrium

positive feedback mechanism

167
Q

the secondary oocyte is surrounded by? during the release of the secondary oocyte from the surface of the ovary

A

by zona pellucida and corona radiata (protecting the egg)
only last about 12- 24hrs then starts to break down

168
Q

what type of cell is ovulated

A

secondary oocyte

169
Q

what is accomplished with 15min after birth of infant?

A

delivery of the placenta, afterbirth
placenta and attached fetal membranes

170
Q

what is function of polar bodies

A

get rid of extra genetic material

171
Q

what are the primary sex organs

A

gonads
testes in males
ovaries in females

172
Q

what do males gonads produce

A

gametes- sperm in the testes
hormone testosterone
scrotum maintains testes at a lower temperature

173
Q

what do females gonads produce

A

gametes-ova (oocytes)
hormone estrogen and progesterone

174
Q

explain the duct system in the epididymis

A

tightly coiled tube-6meters
sperm cells mature and gain agility to swim and are stored
contraction of muscles in the wall of the epididymis expels sperm into the ductus deferens

175
Q

what carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

A

ductus (vas) deferens
ejaculation-smooth muscle in the wall s of the ductus deferens create peristaltic waves to propel sperm forward

176
Q

what is cutting of the ductus deferens at level of the testes?

A

vasectomy
prevents transportation of sperm

177
Q

what Occurs only in the gonads, Consists of two consecutive nuclear divisions, Produces four daughter cells

A

meiosis

178
Q

what Begins with the onset of true contractions
Ends when the cervix is fully dilated

A

the dilation stage of labor

179
Q

what causes the endometrial tissue to die

A

drop in estrogen and progesterone levels

180
Q

what cell type of oogenesis is when stem cell within a fetal ovary

A

oogonium

181
Q

what cell type of oogenesis is when cell that starts meiosis I

A

primary oocyte

182
Q

what cell type of oogenesis is when a cell that starts meiosis II

A

secondary oocyte

183
Q

the functional product of oogenesis

A

ovum

184
Q

what are the tiny cells that degenerates during oogenesis

A

polar body

185
Q

The formation of the corpus luteum in the ovary corresponds with which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

A

secretory phase

The secretory phase follows under the influence of progesterone (from the corpus luteum), which thickens the endometrium further (approx. 6 mm).

186
Q

The structure that gives rise to the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?

A

inner cell mass

187
Q

Sperm maturation occurs in which of the following locations?

A

epididymis

188
Q

Developing follicles produce __________, which stimulates thickening of the endometrium during each uterine cycle and the development of female secondary sex characteristics.

A

estrogen

189
Q

what is an acrosomal reaction

A

sperm releases acrosomal enzymes to penetrate the zona pellucida and then binds to receptors on plasma membrane of oocyte

190
Q

Select all of the structures that hold the ovaries in place.

A

Suspensory ligament

Ovarian ligaments

Broad ligament

191
Q

the male accessory glands.

A

prostate- located inferior to male urinary bladder
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands

192
Q

Which female reproductive structure contains sensitive erectile tissue and becomes swollen with blood during sexual excitement?

A

clitoris

193
Q

The usual site of implantation of the blastocyst is the __________.

A

uterus
implants into endometrium
The innermost mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium

194
Q

Within the lobules of a mammary gland, the __________ glands of a lactating female produce milk.

A

alveolar glands

195
Q

What hormone produced by the blastocyst causes the corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones to maintain the endometrium?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

196
Q

in females, meiosis II is completed at

A

fertilization

the normal site of fertilization happens in the uterine tubes

197
Q

fat pad overlying pubic bones

A

mons pubis

198
Q

when is progesterone secreted

A

during weeks 3 & 4 female cycle and is necessary for implantation and pregnancy

199
Q

what is the cell that is ovulated

A

secondary oocyte

200
Q

structure that forms from follicular cells after ovulation

A

corpus luteum

201
Q

enlarged tip of penis

A

glans penis

202
Q

external female genitalia

A

vulva

203
Q

fluid filled space of an ovarian follicle

A

antrum

204
Q
A

Antrum

205
Q
A

Corona radiata

206
Q
A

Mature follicle

207
Q
A

Secondary oocyte

208
Q
A

Zona pellucida

Bio110 (11 decks)

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