Chapter 5& 6 Flashcards
1
Q
What are some long bone types
A
humerus
Clavicale
metacarpals
Radius
Ulna
Femar
Metatarsal
Tibia
Phalanges
Fibula
2
Q
Functions of a bone
A
Allows movement
supports and protects
stores minerals
3
Q
What is an
Osteoctye
A
Mature bone cell
4
Q
The hard palate is composed of
A
Maxilla and palatine bone
5
Q
The thumb uses what joint to move to other fingers
A
Saddle joint
6
Q
What are the events of bone fracture repair
A
Hematoma forms
Fibrocartilage callus forms
Boney callus forms
Bone remodeling occurs
7
Q
What bone forms the lateral portion of the eye orbit, lateral to nose, articulates the maxillae
A
Zygomatic bone
8
Q
A
Frontalis
9
Q
A
Occipitalis
10
Q
A
Orbicularis oculi
11
Q
A
Temporalis
12
Q
A
Sternocleidomastoid
13
Q
A
Zygomaticus
14
Q
A
Masseter
15
Q
A
Orbicularis oris
16
Q
A
Deltoid
17
Q
A
Pectoralis major
18
Q
A
External abdominal oblique
19
Q
A
Rectus abdominis
20
Q
A
Latissimus dorsi
21
Q
A
Trapezius
22
Q
A
Triceps brachii
23
Q
A
Biceps brachii
24
Q
A
Brachioradialis
25
Vastus lateralis
26
facilitates straightening of the leg.
Rectus femoris
27
Vastus medialis
28
Sartorius
29
Abductor muscle
30
Gluteus maximus
31
facilitates flexion of the lower leg.
Biceps femoris
32
Semitendinosus
33
Semimembranosus
34
a superficial muscle on the anterior leg whose contraction facilitates the foot to dorsiflex and invert.
Tibialis anterior
35
Soleus
36
Gastrocnemius
37
Skeletal muscle cell is called
Muscle fiber
38
When do cross bridges form
When myosin heads bind to actin molecules on the thin filaments
39
What is prime mover in antagonist
40
How many bones in body for an adult skeleton and infant skeleton
Adult 206
Infant 270
41
Name some short bones
lunate
patella
42
name some irregular bone
lumbar vertebra
atlas
ethmoid
43
What is appendicular skeleton and names some bones
comprised of upper and lower extremities
which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis
ilium
clavicle
talus
hamate
metarsal bone
44
What is axial skeleton and names of some bones
made up of the 80 bones within the central core of your body
sternum
occipital bone
45
what is the shaft of a long bone called
diaphysis. It has a wall thick layer of compact bone covering thick layer of spongy bone
46
what is the outside covering of the diaphysis called?
periosteum, made of fibrous connective tissue membrane and perforating fibers outside of a bone
47
what tissue makes up articular cartilage and what does it cover
it is made of hyaline cartilage, covers the external surface of the epiphysis, end of a long bone, located on joint surface, it decreases friction at joint surface
48
what is the growth plate called and tell me about it
flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bond, turns into epiphyseal line forms when finished growing in adult bones
49
what are the 2 basic types of bone tissue
compact bone called osteon, where is it located
spongy bone-small needle like pieces of bone, with many open spaces
50
what is cavity inside diaphysis
medullary cavity
lined by endosteum, contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
contains red marrow in infants
51
what is opening in the center of an osteon, carries blood vessels and nerves
central canal
Run lengthwise through the center of each osteon
52
what spinal curvatures regions are referred to as primary curvatures because they are present when we are born.
thoracic and sacral
53
The coronoid process, olecranon process, and trochlear notch are all found on the _______.
ulna which is the medial bone of antebrachium, down the pinky
54
what causes bones to remodel continually in response to changes in
blood calcium levels and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
55
What is the process by which bones increase in diameter (width) not length
appositional growth
Growth hormone and, during puberty, the sex hormones control appositional growth, the process by which bones increase in diameter (width), not length.
56
Ischium, appendicular, Irregular bone, in pelvic girdle
57
Pubis. Pelvic girdle, appendicular skeleton, irregular bone
58
Femur, long bone, lower limb, appendicular skeleton
59
shin bone
Tibia, appendicular skeleton, lower limb, long bone
60
Fibula - lower limb- long bone - appendicular skeleton
61
Calcaneus, short bone, Lower limb, appendicular skeleton
62
Talus, lower limb, appendicular skeleton, short bone
63
64
What is the functional unit of compact bone containing the central canal and matrix rings
osteon
65
what is the opening in the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels and nerves
central canal
66
what is on the surface of bone where blood vessels enter and leave bone
nutrient foramen
67
what is the cavity inside diaphysis, lined by endosteum, contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in infants
medullary cavity
68
what are the concentric rings of bone tissue
lamellae
69
tiny cavities containing osteocytes that are between lamellae
lacunae
70
what are the tiny canals that radiate from the central canal to lacunae, the form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply
canaliculi
71
what is bone formation if we break a bone is will start...
ossification
Bones are remodeled continually in response to changes in blood calcium ion levels and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton.
Except for flat bones that form on fibrous membranes, most bones develop using hyaline cartilage structures as their “models.”
72
what are bone components of the matrix that make bone flexible, collegon
what are components that are deposited in the matrix that make bones hard
organic parts
calcium salts
73
bone formation that starts with a cartilage model ( six weeks fetal development to early 20's, most bones develop this way)
endochondral ossification
74
What replaces old cartilage with bone, bone building cells that secrete new bone matrix
osteoblast
75
what are cells involved in remodeling. secrete substances that break down the calcified extracellular matrix
osteoclasts
76
What do you need to grow, the proliferation of cartilage in epiphyseal plates for bone elongation
growth hormone
77
what forms the longitudinal axis of the body, support head, neck and trunk and is divided into three parts
skull & hyoid
vertebral column
ribs and sternum
the axial skeleton
78
Frontal bone
Axial skeleton
Flat bone
Cranium
79
Zygomatic bone
Irregular bone
Axial skeleton
Facial bone
80
Maxilla
Facial bone
Axial skeleton
81
Mandible
Axial skeleton
Irregular bone
Facial bones
82
Sphenoid bone
Axial skeleton
Irregular bone
Cranium
83
Axial skeleton
Facial bones
Flat bone
Lacrimal bone
84
Nasal bone
Axial skeleton
Flat bone
Facial bone
85
Inferior Nasal conche
Axial skeleton
Irregular bone
Facial bone
86
Parietal bone
Axial bones
Flat bone
Cranium
87
Temporal bone
Axial skeleton
Cranium
Flat bone
88
Squamous suture
Cranium
89
Ethmoid bone
Cranium
Axial skeleton
Irregular
90
Sella turcica
Sphenoid
Cranium
Axial skeleton
Irregular bone
91
Foramen magnum
Cranium
92
Mandible
Facial bones
Axial skeleton
Irregular bones
93
Ethmoid bone
Axial skeleton
Irregular bone
Facial bones
94
lambdoid suture
Cranium
95
Parietal bone
Cranium
Flat bone
Axial skeleton
96
muscles that closes mouth and purses lips
orbicularis oris
97
main protein of thin filament
actin
98
modified ER that stores and releases calcium
sarcoplasmic reticulum
99
movement that scribes a cone in space
circumduction
100
biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
hamstring group
101
muscles that flexes elbow and supinates forearm
biceps brachii
102
movement where sole of foot turns laterally
eversion
103
region on a muscle fiber that contains ACh receptors
motor end plate
104
gap between a neuron and muscle fiber
synaptic cleft
105
type of muscle with spindle shaped cells and no striations
smooth muscle
106
muscle tissue that contains intercalated discs
cardiac muscle
107
main theory of muscle contraction
sliding filament theory
108
one motor neuron and all the muscle fiber it innervates
motor unit
109
neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine
110
composed of myosin
thick filament
111
anchors thin filament
z disc
112
storage sites of neurotransmitters within axon terminal
synaptic vesicles
113
superficial muscle of the sural region
gastrocnemius
114
attaches skeletal muscle to bone
tendon
115
region (structure) between two z discs
sarcomere
116
forearm rotates so palm faces anteriorly
supination
117
binds to troponin so crossbridge cycling can occur
calcium ion
118
connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle fiber
endomysium
119
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
120
movement that decreases that angle at a a join
flexion
121
Frontalis
Musclesnof head and neck
122
Occipitalis
123
Orbicularis oculi
124
Temoralis
125
Sternocleidomastoid
126
Zygomaticus
127
Masseter
Help you chew
128
Pectoralis major
129
External abdominal oblique
130
Rectus abdomis
131
Latissimus dorsi
132
Trapezius
133
facilitates straightening (i.e., extension) of the elbow.
Triceps brachii
134
superficial muscle of the sural region
Gastrocnemius
135
Soleus
136
Tibialis anterior
137
Semimembranosus
138
Semitendinosus
139
facilitates flexion of the lower leg.
Biceps femoris
140
Adductor muscle
141
flexes the thigh at the hip
Sartorius
142
Vastus medialis
143
facilitates straightening of the leg.
Rectus femoris
144
Vastus lateralis
145
Brachioradialis
146
facilitates flexion of the arm, thus decreasing the angle between the upper and lower arm.
Biceps brachii
147
skeletal muscle fiber is enclosed in a delicate areolar connective tissue sheath called an
endomysium
148
muscle has striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane in each fiber
skeletal muscle
149
The sarcomere is a contractile unit of muscle, which is the area between successive
z discs
150
Muscles that are concerned with bracing actions are called
These are specialized synergists that hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone. The postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column are examples of
fixators
151
refers to reducing the angle of the joint, thus bringing two bones closer together.
flexion
152
refers to increasing the angle of the joint, thus moving two bones farther apart.
extension
153
a muscle that moves the palm of the hand from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position.
pronation
154
facilitates flexion of the lower leg.
sartorius
155
compresses the cheek.
buccinator
156
what is the prime mover
is the muscle that is responsible for causing a particular movement.
157
a muscle that opposes or reverses a particular movement.
antagonist
158
a muscle that moves the palm of the hand from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position.
pronator
159
a specialized synergist that holds a bone still or stabilizes the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone. The postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column are examples of
fixator
160
a muscle that reduces undesirable or unnecessary movements.
synergist
161
what is sarcoplasmic reticulum
is the specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
162
the plasma membrane of a muscle cell is usually termed the _____
sarcolemma
163
what are the special junctions between two cardiac muscle fibers
intercalated discs
164
a contractile unit, which forms a segment of a myofibril.
sarcomere
165
the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
sarcoplasm
166
point of attachment of a muscle to the relatively movable bone is the
insertion
167
what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle
most are attached by tendons to bone
cells are multinucleated
striated (visible banding)
voluntary (subject to conscious control)
168
How many vertebrae bones are in the vertebrae column
24
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
169
How many Vertebrae fuse to form 2 composite bones
Sacrum 5 fused
Coccyx 4 fused
170
The spine has a normal curvature how many primary curvatures present at birth
The thoracic and sacral regions
171
What are the secondary curvatures
Spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions develop after birth
Convex anteriorly
172
What is the canal through which the spinal cord passes
Vertebral foramen
173
What is the weight bearing Portion of a typical vertebrae
Body
174
Which vertebrae looks like a giraffe has long pointed spinous processes and articulates with the ribs
The 12 thoracic vertebrae
175
What are the 5 vertebrae that have large bodies supports body weight and looks like a moose
5 lumbar verebrae
It gets larger because it's supporting more body weight
176
What is the total number vertebrae in a child
33
7 cervical
12Thoracic
5 lumbar
5 Sacral
4 coccygeal
177
What does the thoracic cage consist of
7 true ribs own piece of cartilage that attach to sternum
5 false ribs attach indirectly (2 floating ribs)
178
How many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
Composed of limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
179
Lambdoid suture
180
181
Lacrimal bone
182
Inferior nasal conche
183
Ethmoid bone
184
Sphenoid bone and Sella turcica
185
Foramen magnum
186
superficial muscle of the sural region
gastrocnemius
187
region between two zdiscs
sacromere
188
binds to troponin so crossbridge cycling can occur
calcium ion
189
connective tissue that surrounds single muscle fiber
endomysium
190
bundle of muscle fibers
fascicle
191
movement that decreases the angle at a joint
flexion
192
what fills the medullary cavity of the tibia of a three year old
red bone marrow
193
what kind of bone is found embedded in a tendon. give an example
sesamoid bone, patella
194
Which disease results from the "wear and tear" on joints over many years?
osteoarthritis
195
synovial joint
articular cartilage covers the ends of adjoining bones and a fluid filled joint cavity separates adjoining bones
196
an important cranial landmark as it houses the pituitary gland
sella turcica
197
fracture types that are common in the elderly
comminuted and compression
In a comminuted fracture, the bone splinters into three or more fragments. The aged are more susceptible to this type of fracture because their bones are more brittle.
In a compression fracture, the bone is crushed. This type of fracture is more common in older people because their bones are more porous. The vertebrae are particularly susceptible to compression fractures.
198
the glenoid cavity is located where the...
humerus articulates with the scapula
199
what is exaggerated thoracic curvature
kyphosis
200
membranes that connect bones of fetal skull
fontanels
201
joint btwn parietal and temporal bones
squamous suture
202
wrist bones are called
carpals
203
what lightens the skull and resonates the voice
paranasal sinuses
204
bone that is formed when ischium, ilium and pubis fuse together
coxal bone
205
immoveable joints
synarthroses
